A bara ƙungiyar injiniyan Polinovel ta yi acanza lithiumdon jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya 28 a Arizona. Watanni uku bayan an gama, abokin ciniki ya kira: me yasa manyan kuloli da yawa ba za su fara ba bayan caji dare ɗaya?
Ya dauki kwanaki biyu don gano shi. Batirin mai kaya ɗaya yana da yanayin barci wanda ke farawa bayan awanni 18 na rashin aiki. Dole ne ku danna maɓallin jiki don tashe su. Shafi na 47 na littafin. Wanene ya karanta haka?
Wannan lamarin ya canza tsarin isar da mu. Yanzu kowane aikin batir ɗin motar golf na Polinovel ya haɗa da takarda ɗaya{1}} shafi ɗaya wanda ke ɗauke da "abubuwan da littafin ya ambata amma horon baya yi." Sanin gaskiya{3} yadda ake kula da baturi baya cikin takaddun hukuma. Yana cikin ramukan da kuka fada ciki.
Lokacin Shayarwa: Mafi Girma Guda ɗaya{0}Ayyukan Tasiri a Kula da Batirin Fleet
Ɗaya daga cikin fasahar dandalin tattaunawa ta sanya shi da kyau: 80% na gubar da bai kai ba - gazawar acid yana komawa ga kurakuran ruwa. Kawai wannan mataki daya.
Kuskuren gama gari shine ƙara ruwa kafin caji. Sauti mai ma'ana, daidai? Baturi yayi ƙasa, kashe shi, sannan caji. Amma gubar -acid electrolyte yana faɗaɗa yayin caji. Ruwan da aka ƙara tun da farko yana ambaliya a tsakiyar zagayowar -. Abin da ke zube ba tsaftataccen ruwa ba ne. An diluted sulfuric acid yana cin tashoshin ku, yana lalata firam ɗin cart, yana raunana duk abin da ya rage. Jeri ɗaya da ba daidai ba zai iya aske rayuwar batir na watanni uku zuwa shida.
Ma'auni na kula da baturi na Polinovel: ruwa bayan caji ya ƙare, yi amfani da ruwa mai tsafta na ASTM Nau'in II, cika kusan 6mm sama da faranti. Batura sama da shekaru uku suna buƙatar ko da ƙasa, watakila 1-2mm ƙasa, saboda faranti sun riga sun faɗaɗa (batteryuniversity.com).
Mun tura tsarin "watering matrix" akan aikin daya. Techs sun shigar da adadin ruwan da kowane tantanin halitta ya ɗauka, kowane lokaci. Bayan watanni uku, wani tsari ya bayyana: wasu sel a cikin kowane fakitin sun sha sha fiye da sauran. Da bin diddiginsa, mun sami toshe huɗa a wasu lokuta, layin gashi a wasu. Wannan tsarin katako ya kama fakitin matsala guda bakwai kafin kowannensu ya mutu a kan hanya. Matrix watering yanzu daidai yake a cikin kowane isar da sabis na batir na Polinovel.
Gwajin Hydrometer Yana Auna Rayayyen Rayuwa, Ba Matsayin Caji kawai ba
Caja yana nuna "cikakke" baya nufin baturin yana da lafiya.SOCya gaya muku adadin ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ake samu a yanzu.SOHyana gaya muku adadin ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya rage idan aka kwatanta da ainihin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Fakiti na iya nuna 100% SOC yayin da kawai ke isar da 70% na kewayon ƙimar sa.
Don gubar -acid, hydrometer shine kayan aikin SOH ɗin ku. Binciken kwata-kwata a duk sel yakamata ya nuna karatu tsakanin 0.015 na juna. Bambance-bambancen da ya wuce 0.030 yana sigina rashin daidaituwar tantanin halitta yana buƙatar daidaitawa. Idan daidaitawa bai dawo da karatun cikin layi ba, fakitin yana kan lokacin aro.
TheBMSa cikin Polinovel LiFePO4 tsarin batir na golf yana bin SOH ta atomatik. Amma yawancin manajojin jiragen ruwa ba sa kallon wannan bayanan. Aikace-aikacen sa ido kan baturi na Polinovel da muke samarwa yana ba ku damar saita iyakokin faɗakarwar SOH a 85%, 80%, 75%. A lokacin da keken keke ya mutu a kan titin, ya yi latti don tsarawa.
Cancantar ambaton halin "mutuwar kwatsam" na lithium daban. gubar{1} acid yana dishewa a hankali. Gaba tara yana jin al'ada, baya tara ja. Kwararrun direbobi suna lura da bambanci. Lithium ya bambanta. BMS yana kula da ƙarfin fitarwa har sai ya sami kariyar yankewa, sannan yana rufewa nan take. Babu gargadi. Manajojin Fleet suna buƙatar tsara masu mayewa kafin faɗakarwar BMS, ba bayan ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa saka idanu na SOH daidai ne, ba na zaɓi ba, a cikin kowane maganin baturi na Polinovel.
Lokacin da Haƙiƙa Canjin Lithium Ya Kashe
Anan ga tsarin yanke shawara bisa bayanan aikin daga shekaru biyu da suka gabata:
Manyan jiragen ruwa masu ƙarfi{0} suna gudana awanni 4+ kowace ranabuga hutu{0}ko da a cikin watanni 24 zuwa 30. Jinkirta juyi a cikin waɗannan al'amuran yana biyan kuɗi kowane wata da kuka jira. Shari'ar kwas ta California ɗaya ce ta al'ada: zagaye 73,000 a kowace shekara, ƙasa mai tudu. Bayan canzawa zuwa lithium, cart ɗin yau da kullun{8} ya yi tsalle daga ramuka 18 zuwa ramuka 36-54. An kawar da buƙatar katunan ajiya gaba ɗaya.
Daidaitaccen aikin koyarwa a sa'o'i 2-4 kowace ranasake dawowa zuwa shekaru 3-4. Har yanzu yana da tabbataccen kuɗi, amma gaggawa ta ragu.
Haske - yi amfani da al'amuran ƙasa da sa'o'i 2 kowace ranatura biya baya shekaru 5 da suka wuce. Gaskiya, idan fakitin acid ɗin ku - yana da sauran shekaru biyu, kar a canza yanzu. Mayar da hankali kan kulawa. Sake ziyartan shawarar zagayowar sayayya na gaba.
Waɗannan ƙofofin guda uku su ne abin da Polinovel ke amfani da shi a ciki don kimanta aikin. Idan kuna ɗaukar wannan don samun kuɗi, ƙara masu canji na gida biyu: ƙimar injina na sa'o'i na gubar{1}} farashin kula da acid, da farashin wutar lantarki don tanadin ingancin lithium. Lambobin Arizona sun bambanta da lambobin Minnesota. Kuna buƙatar takamaiman ƙididdiga? Tuntuɓi ƙungiyar injiniyoyinmu. Za ku sami shirye-shiryen maƙunsar ROI don kuɗi a cikin sa'o'i 48.
Tasirin Zazzabi akan Rayuwar Batirin Cart ɗin Golf Ba a Ƙimmata Ba
Bayanan Jami'ar Baturi ya nuna kowane digiri 15 F ya tashi sama da digiri 77 F yana yanke gubar - rayuwar acid cikin rabi. Batirin da aka adana a digiri 95 F yana ƙasƙantar da 50% cikin sauri fiye da ɗaya zuwa digiri 77. A ci gaba da digiri 107 F, fakitin da ya kamata ya wuce shekaru goma zai iya wuce shekara guda.
Jiragen ruwa masu zafi suna buƙatar ƙara yawan shayarwa daga mako-mako zuwa mako-mako a lokacin bazara. Cajin lokaci ma yana da mahimmanci. Wuraren shakatawa da yawa na Arizona muna aiki tare da canjawa zuwa caji na dare farawa daga 2 na safe musamman don guje wa damuwa da zafi na rana akan batura da caja.
Jiragen ruwa na Arewa suna fuskantar wani yanayin haɗari daban-daban. Cikakken cajin gubar - baturin acid ba zai daskare ba har sai -92 digiri F. Wanda aka saki ya daskare a digiri 32 F. Ka bar jirgin da ya lalace a waje da daddare a watan Fabrairu, kuma zaka iya rasa komai da safe. Ma'ajiyar lokacin sanyi yana nufin cikakken caji, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, kula da zafin jiki.
BMS a cikin tsarin batirin motar golf na Polinovel LiFePO4 yana toshe caji ƙasa da digiri 32 F ta atomatik, yana hana lalacewa plating na lithium mara jurewa. Hakanan muna ba da samfuran dumama kai{3} tare da abubuwan dumama na ciki waɗanda ke dumama sel zuwa yanayin zafi mai aminci kafin karɓar caji. Ga jiragen ruwa na arewa da ke gudana shekara{5}zagaye, wannan tsarin ya cancanci a yi la'akari da shi.
Wani batu kuma babu wanda ya ambata: gubar gubar -acid yana haifar da iskar hydrogen. A cikin sararin samaniya, wannan shine haɗarin fashewa. Na ga wuraren kulawa da sifirin iska yana gudana caja goma sha biyu na dare. Wato caca da rayuka.
Ta yaya Garanti na Batir na Golf Cart Ya bambanta Daga Wasu
Tsawon garanti shine babbar kuskure a zaɓin mai kaya.
Wasu samfuran suna tallata garanti na shekaru 8 waɗanda suka dace daga rana ta ɗaya. A shekara huɗu, kuna ɗaukar fiye da rabin kuɗin da za ku maye gurbin ku da kanku. Wasu suna tallata shekaru 11, amma gunaguni game da sarrafa da'awar ba su da wahala a samu.
Polinovelbatirin keken golfTsarin garanti an tsara shi daban: keɓaɓɓen ɗaukar hoto tare da cikakken canji a farkon shekarun farko, a sarari fayyace adadin adadin na gaba shekaru. Babu wani abu da ke ɓoye a cikin kyakkyawan bugu. Mafi mahimmanci, muna da tushen masana'anta namu, don haka da'awar garanti ba dole ba ne mu ketare Pacific don sarrafawa.
Gaskiyar shawara: daina gyarawa akan tsawon garanti. Tambayi game da ƙimar amincewar da'awar. Nemi bayanan abokin ciniki daga jiragen ruwa masu gudana irin wannan tsarin amfani. Kiran waya na mintuna 30 tare da ainihin abokin ciniki yana gaya muku fiye da ƙasidu goma. Za mu iya samar da abokan ciniki na Arewacin Amirka. Tambaye su kai tsaye yadda aka kwatanta lokutan amsawar batirin Polinovel.
Inshora Yana Zama Boyayyen Sauyi a Zaɓin Batir ɗin Wasan Golf Cart
Ma'aikatar kashe gobara ta St. Johns County ta fitar da lamba kwanan nan: 80% na gobarar da suke amsawa yanzu sun ƙunshi batura cart ɗin golf. Mujallar Leader's Edge ta gudanar da wani yanki a bara lura da wasu masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo suna daidaita maganganu dangane da wurin ajiyar baturi, ko rage ɗaukar hoto kai tsaye.
LiFePO4 thermal kwanciyar hankali ya wuce NMC sunadarai. Rubutun zafin jiki na digiri 270 da digiri 150. Idan za a adana jiragen lithium ɗin ku a ƙarƙashin ko kusa da gidan kulab, zabar LiFePO4 akan NMC na iya shafar kai tsaye ko za ku iya tabbatar da ƙimar inshora mai ma'ana.
Gaba dayan layin samfurin motar golf na Polinovel yana amfani da sinadarai na LiFePO4. Ba don yana da arha ba{2}} haƙiƙa yana da ƙarin tsada. Domin babu wurin yin sulhu akan aminci. Ga manajojin jiragen ruwa da ke kimanta zaɓuɓɓukan canji, ƙila kusurwar inshora ta cancanci fifiko mafi girma fiye da yadda ake samu a halin yanzu.
Idan kuna aiki ta hanyar kimanta siyan baturi ko haɓakawa, ƙungiyar injiniyan Polinovel tana ba da shawarwarin farko kyauta. Ba mu da garantin shawarar canza lithium{1} kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wasu al'amuran har yanzu suna son gubar gubar{2}}acid. Amma muna ba da garantin ingantaccen tsarin yanke shawara wanda zaku iya mika kai tsaye ga kuɗi.
