Na kasance a cikin wannan masana'antar tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu, kuma a gaskiya, yawancin jagororin baturi na lithium ba su da amfani ga ainihin yanke shawara na sayayya. CC -Ka'idodin CV, iyakokin zafin jiki, caji mara zurfi 80%... zaku iya samun waɗannan duka akan Jami'ar Baturi. Babu ma'ana in maimaita shi.
Abin da nake so in tattauna a yau su ne tambayoyin da a zahiri ke ba ƙungiyoyin sayayya ciwon kai:Yadda ake zabar iya aiki, yadda ake daidaita caja, menene madaidaicin saka hannun jari, da lokacin da zaku ga ROI.Babu daidaitattun amsoshi, amma zan iya raba ainihin bayanai daga ayyukanmu da kurakuran da muka yi a hanya.
Bayani mai sauri: Ni injiniyan aikace-aikace ne a [sunan kamfani da aka canza don gujewa kama da talla], galibi ina aiki akan ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antu a Gabas da Kudancin China. Ba ni da ƙarancin gogewa game da yanayin sanyi a arewa, don haka shawarwarina ba za su yi cikakken aiki ba idan kuna gudanar da rumbun ajiyar injin daskarewa a Harbin.
Zaɓin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: Ƙarfafawa fiye da yadda kuke tunani
Tambayar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce "Shin 400Ah ya isa?" Ba zan iya ba da amsar hakan kai tsaye ba saboda "isa" ya dogara da masu canji da yawa.
Yi lissafin yawan kuzarin yau da kullun da farko. Kar ku tsallake wannan.
Amfanin yau da kullun (kWh)=Matsakaicin ƙarfi (kW) × Sa'o'in aiki (h) × Matsala mai ɗaukar nauyi
Load factor dogara a kan ainihin yanayin aiki: haske wajibi 0.3 ~ 0.4, matsakaici 0.5 ~ 0.6, nauyi 0.7 ~ 0.8. Mutane da yawa suna lalata wannan ta hanyar amfani da ƙimar lokutan lokutan wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba da lambobi 30%+ sama da gaskiya.
Misali:2-ton lantarki forklift, rated ikon 8kW, aiki 10 hours kullum, matsakaici load.
Amfanin yau da kullun=8 × 10 × 0.55=44kWh
A cikin tsarin 48V, 44kWh yayi daidai da kusan 920Ah. Tun da bai kamata ku fitar da ƙasa da 20% ba, ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi ya kai kusan 80%, ma'ana kuna buƙatar kusan 1150Ah don samun wucewar rana kan caji ɗaya.
Amma wannan ka'ida ce kawai.
A cikin ainihin ayyukan, Na sami rata tsakanin ƙididdigewa da amfani da gaske shine sau da yawa 15% ~ 25%. Dalilai sun bambanta: ɗabi'ar mai aiki, gangaren ƙasa, sauyin nauyin kaya, amfani da HVAC... Don haka shawarata:ƙara 20% buffer bayan ƙididdige ƙimar ka'idar, ko hayan raka'a kaɗan na wata guda na ainihin gwajin duniya{0}} farko.
Ya fi girma ko da yaushe ya fi kyau? Ba lallai ba ne.
A bara abokin ciniki ya ƙididdige yawan amfani da 50kWh na yau da kullun amma ya dage kan siyan batir 1500Ah saboda "muna iya girma kuma ba za mu buƙaci musanya su daga baya ba." Me ya faru?
Matsala 1
Babban baturi ya ƙara 60kg, wanda ya tilasta mashin ɗin yin aiki a rage ƙarfin cokali mai yatsa
Matsala 2
Dole ne a haɓaka ƙarfin caja daidai da farashin faɗaɗa kayan aikin lantarki
Matsala 3
Yawan kasuwancin bai taɓa girma ba. Baturin ya shafe mafi yawan lokutan sa yana iyo tsakanin 30% ~ 60% SOC, yana haɓaka tsufa na kalanda.
Ra'ayina:Idan girman kasuwancin yanzu yana da ƙarfi, zaɓi ƙarfin da kawai ya dace da bukatunku (ƙimar ƙa'idar + 20% buffer). Idan bai isa ba a cikin shekaru uku zuwa biyar, maye gurbin shi to. Wannan na iya zama mafi tattali fiye da wuce gona da iri a gaba. Fasahar baturi tana ci gaba da sauri. "Maɗaukakin iyawa" da kuke biyan ƙima na yau yana iya zama samfura{5}}mai farashi cikin shekaru biyar.
Tabbas wannan ra'ayi ne kawai. Idan kuna da kasafin kuɗi, sararin samaniya yana ba da damar, kuma kuna da kwarin gwiwa game da haɓaka, siyan mafi girma ba laifi bane.
Bayanin farashi don daidaitawa na yau da kullun
Bayanan da ke ƙasa sun fito ne daga ayyukanmu na 2024 ~ 2025 a Gabashin Sin, musamman daga masu rarraba CATL da EVE. Farashin yana canzawa kwata-kwata, don haka ainihin ƙimar ku na iya bambanta.
| Saita | Farashin baturi | Caja | Kayan aiki | Amfani Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500Ah Standard | ¥48,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥3,000 | Juyawa guda,<25kWh/day |
| 700Ah An Inganta | ¥65,000 | ¥12,000 | ¥3,500 | 1.5 motsi, 25 ~ 35kWh / rana |
| 1000Ah babba | ¥92,000 | ¥16,000 | ¥6,000 | Sau biyu, 35 ~ 50kWh / rana |
| 500Ah × 2 Canja | ¥96,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥8,000 | Ba a ba da shawarar sai dai idan an gyara sashin baturi |
- Kayan aiki sun haɗa da shigar da tashar caji, igiyoyi, haɓaka panel
- Ba ya haɗa da faɗaɗa ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ya bambanta sosai daga 0 zuwa 100k+
- Tsarin musanyawa yana buƙatar ƙarin kayan musanyawa da aiki; dogon lokaci mara tattalin arziki
Zaɓin Caja: Inda Mafi yawan Matsaloli suka faru
An zaɓi baturi, kawai ɗauki kowane caja? Wannan kuskure ne gama gari. Kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na matsalolin gazawar da na gudanar suna da alaƙa da caja{2}.
Daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ba shi da sauƙi haka
Batura duk masu lakabin "48V" na iya samun nau'ikan cajin ƙarewa daban-daban:
| Nau'in Baturi | Kwayoyin halitta | Ƙarshen Tantanin halitta | Kunshin Ƙarshe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Farashin NCM | 13S | 4.2V | 54.6V |
| Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 15S | 3.65V | 54.75V |
| Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 16S | 3.65V | 58.4V |
15S da 16S LFP caja ba su canzawa. Na ga abokan ciniki suna ƙoƙarin adana kuɗi ta amfani da caja 15S akan batura 16S. Sakamako: baya yin cajin da ya wuce 85% SOC. Baya yana da haɗari: 16S caja akan batura 15S yana haifar da wuce gona da iri kai tsaye.
Koyaushe tabbatar da ƙidayar tantanin halitta yayin siye. Wutar lantarki kawai bai isa ba.
Ka'idojin sadarwa gaskiya rikici ne
A ka'idar, caja tare da sadarwar CAN na iya yin hulɗa tare da BMS a cikin - lokaci na gaske, suna daidaita sigogin caji bisa yanayin baturi. A aikace:
Masana'antun daban-daban suna amfani da ka'idojin Layer na aikace-aikace daban-daban. CAN 2.0 tana ƙayyade Layer na zahiri kawai. Abin da ke faruwa a sama shi ne mai siyarwa{3} na musamman.
Abubuwan da na ci karo da su:
- Alamar baturi mai caja Brand B: CAN na USB da aka haɗa, amma musafaha ya gaza. Ya ƙare amfani da shi azaman "caja mara nauyi"
- Mai bayarwa yana da'awar "GB/T 27930 masu jituwa," amma ayyuka na asali kawai suna aiki. Tsawaita umarni gaba ɗaya maras tallafi
- Kamfanin kera batir ya ƙi raba takaddun yarjejeniya, yana mai nuni da "asirin ciniki"
Shawarata:
Idan ba kwa son ciwon kai, siyan baturi da caja daga iri ɗaya, ko samun garantin dacewa a rubuce tare da rahoton ƙaddamarwa daga masu kaya. Kuɗin da kuke ajiyewa siyayya daban na iya ƙila ba za a iya biyan kuɗin gyara kuskure ba daga baya.
Wannan ya ce, idan kuna da injiniyoyin lantarki waɗanda za su iya sarrafa haɗin gwiwar yarjejeniya da kansu, siyayya daban na iya adana 15% ~ 20%.
Yadda ake zabar ƙimar caji
An tambaye ni wannan da yawa, don haka ga amsa ɗaya ɗaya tawa:
| Halin yanayi | Yawan Shawarar | Bayanan kula |
|---|---|---|
| Sauya ɗaya, 8+ awanni tagar caji na dare | 0.3C~0.5C | A hankali yin caji shine mafi sauƙi akan batura |
| Sauya sau biyu, caji a abincin rana da dare | 0.5C~0.8C | Ma'auni tsakanin gudu da tsawon rai |
| Canjin sau uku yana ci gaba da ci gaba, taƙaitaccen giɓi | 1C | Yanayin cajin dama |
| Gaggawa | 1.5C | Amfani na lokaci-lokaci kawai, ba daidaitaccen aiki ba |
Yin caji da sauri sama da 1C yana haɓaka lalata baturi, amma daidai nawa? Gaskiya,masana'antar ba ta cimma matsaya ba. Wasu bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje na masana'antun suna nuna ɗan bambanci, amma a cikin ainihin ayyukanmu mun lura da kusan 1% ~ 1.5% ƙarin raguwar shekara-shekara a tsayin 1C da 0.5C. Girman samfurin har yanzu yana iyakance; dauki wannan a matsayin tunani kawai.
ROI: Kada a yaudare ku da Lambobi masu kyau
Binciken baturin lithium na ROI na kan layi sau da yawa yana da kyau: biya na watanni 28, ajiye adadin X sama da shekaru 5 ... Gwaji, amma ainihin ayyukan da wuya a cimma cikakkiyar tsinkaya.
Ga shari'a ta gaske, gami da abin da ba daidai ba
2023, wurin ajiyar kayan aikin gida a Kudancin China, manyan motoci 40 da ke juyawa daga gubar -acid zuwa lithium. Ƙididdigar aikin mu kafin{4}:
Gubar Asalin -Farashin Batir Acid Na Shekara
| Abu | Kudin shekara (¥) |
|---|---|
| Rage darajar baturi (rayuwar shekaru 3) | 480,000 |
| Ajiye rage darajar baturi | 480,000 |
| Ma'aikatan musanya baturi (mutane 2) | 168,000 |
| Kula da baturi | 42,000 |
| Hayar dakin baturi (m²) | 48,000 |
| Jimlar | 1,218,000 / shekara |
Farashin Lithium Magani na Shekara-shekara (wanda aka tsara)
| Abu | Kudin shekara (¥) |
|---|---|
| Rage darajar baturi (rayuwar shekara 8) | 310,000 |
| Ana buƙatar batirin Ajiyayyen | 0 |
| Ana buƙatar ma'aikatan musanya baturi | 0 |
| Kudin kulawa | 8,000 |
| Jimlar | 318,000 / shekara |
Abin da ya faru a zahiri:
Wata 8:
An gano 5 forklifts yana da ƙarfin amfani da ya wuce tsammanin tsammanin (tsarin ƙarfafa direba ya haifar da hakan). Waɗannan batura sun ragu zuwa 82% ta wata 14, sau biyu cikin sauri kamar yadda aka tsara
Watan 11:
Sabuwar haya ta dare ba ta fahimci ƙa'idodi ba, an toshe a cikin sanyi{0}}ajiya mai cokali mai yatsu kafin ta dumama fakitin baturi suna da makullin ƙararrawa na BMS
Watan 16:
Babban allon caja ɗaya ya gaza. An jira kwanaki 28 don kayan da aka shigo da su. Wannan forklift ya ragu kusan wata guda
Watan 20:
Binciken ya nuna ainihin tanadin farashin ya kasance kusan kashi 25% ƙasa da hasashen, galibi saboda hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki da wasu kayan aikin da ba su kai ga amfani da su ba.
Ainihin biya: watanni 23,Tsawon watanni 9 fiye da yadda aka tsara 14.
Wannan hakika aiki ne mai santsi. Na ga mafi muni: ƙarar kasuwancin kwatsam ya ragu yana barin kayan aiki mara amfani, ko matsalolin ingancin baturi waɗanda ke buƙatar dawowar taro zuwa masana'anta...
Abin da nake cewa shi ne:
Ƙididdigar ROI na mai ba da kaya yawanci shine mafi kyawun al'amura{0}. Gina kasafin ku akan kashi 70% na hasashensu. Idan 70% har yanzu yana aiki a gare ku, mai yiwuwa aikin yana da ƙarfi.
Cajin Sanyi: La'akari na Musamman don Ajiye sanyi
Babu cajin da ke ƙasa da digiri 0 shine ilimin asali wanda ba zan yi ƙarin bayani ba. Abin da nake so in tattauna shine tambaya mai amfani don yanayin ajiyar sanyi:Yaya tsawon lokacin da baturi ya fito daga ajiyar sanyi kafin ya iya caji?
Babu amsa na duniya, saboda saurin ɗumi{0}} ya dogara da:
- Yawan baturi (100kg vs 300kg yana da babban bambanci)
- Kayan akwati (aluminum yana gudanar da zafi da sauri fiye da filastik)
- Yanayin yanayi da kuma samun iska
- Ko an shigar da tsarin dumama mai aiki
Mun gwada baturin 400Ah / 220kg (takamaiman alamar sirri) yana tafiya daga -18 zuwa digiri na 25 na cikin gida:
| Lokaci | Core Temp | Yanayin Zazzabi | Ana caji? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0min | -18 digiri | -18 digiri | ✗ |
| 60 min | -12 digiri | -4 digiri | ✗ |
| 120 min | -6 digiri | {0} digiri | ✗ |
| 180 min | {0} digiri | {0} digiri | ✗ (kusa da kofa) |
| 210 min | {0} digiri | {0} digiri | ✓ (jinkirin caja OK) |
Lura: Yanayin zafin jiki daga firikwensin ciki, yanayin zafi ta hanyar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na IR
Yi la'akari da bambanci tsakanin cibiya da zafin jiki.Mutane da yawa suna taɓa baturin baturi, suna tunanin "ba sanyi ba," amma a ciki ƙila har yanzu yana ƙasa da daskarewa. BMS yawanci yana karanta ainihin zafin jiki, don haka kuna samun "dumi a waje amma har yanzu ba za ku yi cajin" yanayi ba. Wannan kariya ce ta al'ada. Kar a ketare shi.
Shin tsarin dumama ya cancanci sakawa?
Samfuran BMS tare da iyawar zafin zafi suna ƙara kusan ¥ 4,000 ~ 6,000 (ya bambanta sosai ta alama). Ya cancanta?
Dokokina na yatsa:
Idan kayan aikin ku sun shiga kuma suna fita wurin ajiyar sanyi fiye da sau biyu a rana, shigar da shi. Idan kawai lokaci-lokaci, kar a yi.
Tare da dumama, lokacin dumi{0} yana raguwa daga awanni 3 ~ 4 zuwa mintuna 30 ~ 40. A ¥ 80/awati ƙimar aiki, adana awanni 2 kullum yana nufin ¥160. Fiye da lokacin hunturu (kwanaki 120), wannan ¥ 19,200 ya ajiye. Saka hannun jari a kusa da watanni 3.
Amma idan kayan aiki da wuya su shiga wurin ajiyar sanyi, kada ku damu. Kuna iya amfani da ƙananan hanyoyin fasaha{1}: saita "yanki mai dumi{2}" a yanayin zafin daki, kuyi fakin na rabin sa'a lokacin da baturi ya kunna ƙararrawa mai sanyi kafin caji. Rashin dacewa, amma kyauta.
Tambayoyin da Ban Fahimce Ko Ba
A wannan lokaci, ina so in faɗi gaskiya ga wasu tambayoyin da ba ni da takamaiman amsoshi ga:
1. Menene ainihin yanayin zagayowar batirin LFP?
Manufacturer tabarau sau da yawa nuna 3000 ~ 6000 hawan keke, wasu ko da 8000. Amma shi ke Lab yanayi: 25 digiri m zazzabi, 0.5C cajin / fitarwa, 80% DoD. Matsugunin masana'antu na gaske suna da canjin yanayin zafi, ƙimar caji mara ƙarfi, DoD sau da yawa ya wuce 80%... Menene kashi na bayanan lab da ke fassara zuwa rayuwa ta ainihi{9}}? Aikin mu mafi dadewa - shine kawai shekaru 5, girman samfurin bai isa ba. Ba za a iya bayar da tabbataccen ƙarshe ba tukuna.
2. Shin da gaske cajin damar yana rage tsawon rayuwa?
A ka'ida, baturan lithium suna ƙidayar hawan keke daidai gwargwado, don haka cajin damar bai kamata ya haifar da lalacewa ba. Amma wasu bincike sun nuna m hawan keke kara SEI Layer girma ... Ilimi har yanzu muhawara da wannan. Abinda kawai zan iya fada shine daga iyakantaccen ƙwarewar aikinmu,Ba mu lura da tasiri mara kyau ba ya zuwa yanzu.
3. Ta yaya kasuwar batirin lithium da aka yi amfani da ita za ta bunkasa?
A halin yanzu babu babbar kasuwa ta sakandare don batirin lithium na masana'antu. Batura da suka yi ritaya ko dai su tafi aikace-aikacen rayuwa na biyu{1} ko kuma sake amfani da su. Amma yayin da babban guguwar farko na batir lithium na masana'antu ya fara yin ritaya, wannan kasuwa na iya fitowa. Idan ana farashin batirin lithium da aka yi amfani da su akan kashi 30% na sababbi a cikin shekaru biyar, dabarun biyan kuɗi na dogon lokaci{5}}batir ɗin rayuwa yanzu yana buƙatar sake kimantawa.
Ba ni da amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin. Kawai nuna su don ku haifar da rashin tabbas cikin dogon shiri na tsawon lokaci.
Tunani Na Karshe
Idan kuna yin bincike na farko don siyan batirin lithium, shawarwarina:
- Fara fahimtar ainihin bukatun kuAmfanin yau da kullun, tagogi na caji, yanayin aiki. Auna ko lissafin waɗannan da kanku; kar a amince da wuraren tallace-tallace
- Samo ƙididdiga daga masu samar da kayayyaki 2 ~ 3: Kwatanta ba kawai farashin ba, amma shawarwarin daidaitawa, sharuɗɗan garanti, da bayan{0}}amsar tallace-tallace
- Nemi shari'o'i iri ɗaya{0} masana'antu: Zai fi kyau idan za ku iya ziyartan rukunin yanar gizon - kuma ku yi magana da ainihin masu amfani game da gogewa na gaske
- Rangwamen hasashen ROI da kashi 30%: Lambobin masu ba da kaya yawanci sune mafi kyawun akwati{0}. Ba wa kanka gefe
Idan kuna da takamaiman tambayoyi don tattaunawa, bar sharhi. Zan amsa idan na gan su. Tambayoyi game da takamaiman shawarwarin alamar alama ko magana ba zan amsa ba a bainar jama'a; aika saƙon sirri.
Ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana suna wakiltar gogewar mutum kawai kuma ba su zama shawarar siye ba. Bayanan da aka samo daga ayyukan 2024-2025 Gabashin kasar Sin; sauran yankuna na iya bambanta.
