Menene halayen caji da fitarwa?

Menene halayen caji da fitarwa?

Caji kumafitarwahalaye

Batirin Lithium{0}ion yawanci suna amfani da hanyar caji guda biyu{1} don tabbatar da aminci, aminci, da ingancin caji. Mataki na farko shine akai-akai tare da iyakance ƙarfin lantarki, kuma mataki na biyu shine ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai tare da iyakancewa na yanzu. Matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin wutar lantarki don cajin baturin lithium{4} ion ya bambanta dangane da kayan cathode. Asalin caji/fidda wutar lantarki na baturin lithium{6}}ana nuna a hoto na 3{9}}11. Masu lanƙwasa a cikin wannan adadi suna amfani da cajin halin yanzu na C/3. Don batura lithium-ion daban-daban, manyan bambance-bambancen sun kasu kashi biyu:

1) Mafi kyawun ƙimar halin yanzu don matakin farko ya bambanta dangane da kayan cathode na baturi da tsarin masana'anta. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da kewayon yanzu na 0.2C zuwa 0.3C. A lokuta masu saurin amfani da wutar lantarki, 1C, 2C, ko ma mafi girma ana iya amfani da su.

2) Batir lithium daban-daban{1} ion suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tsawon lokaci na yau da kullun, kuma adadin ƙarfin da za'a iya cajin ta akai-akai zuwa jimillar iya aiki shima ya bambanta sosai. Daga hangen aikace-aikacen abin hawa na lantarki, tsayin daka na yau da kullun yana haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin caji, wanda ya fi fa'ida ga aikace-aikace.

Lithium{0}Ion ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi yana da ƙarfi kuma yana raguwa sannu a hankali a farkon da tsakiyar matakan fitarwa, amma yana faɗuwa da sauri a matakai na gaba, kamar yadda aka nuna a sashin DE na Hoto 3-11. Ingantacciyar sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci yayin wannan matakin don hana zubar da yawa da lalacewar baturi.

Abubuwan da ke shafar halayen caji

(1) Tasirincaji halin yanzuakan halayen caji Ɗaukar wani takamaiman baturin lithium na NCM{0}ion tare da ƙididdigan ƙarfin 242A·h a matsayin misali, ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan SOC{2}}% da yawan zafin jiki na digiri 20, an yi amfani da ƙimar caji daban-daban don yin caji. Ana nuna sakamakon sigina a cikin Tebura 3-1 kuma ana nuna layin caji a hoto 3-12.

Tebura 3-1 Ma'aunin Caji don Adadin Caji Daban-daban

① CC, Ko da yaushe; CV, Constant Voltage.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 3{14}}1, lokaci na yau da kullum yana raguwa a hankali tare da ƙara yawan caji, kuma ƙarfin da makamashin da za'a iya cajin a ƙarƙashin na yau da kullum suma suna raguwa a hankali. Ɗaukar ƙarfin caji da caji na 1/2 (watau SOC{6}}%) a matsayin ma'auni, lokacin cajin da ake buƙata yana raguwa tare da ƙara cajin halin yanzu; lokacin da ake buƙata don 0.1C shine kusan sau 5 akan 0.5C. A ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin, bambancin halin yanzu don ci gaba da caji kadan ne, don haka lokacin caji na 30A·h na ƙarshe bai bambanta ba. Don haka, a cikin madaidaicin cajin baturi, ƙara yawan cajin halin yanzu, ko da yake rage ƙarfi da kuzarin da za'a iya caji a ƙarƙashin halin yanzu, yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan lokacin caji. A aikace-aikacen fakitin baturi mai amfani, ana iya amfani da matsakaicin izinin cajin halin yanzu na baturin lithium-ion don yin caji, kuma bayan an kai iyakar ƙarfin lantarki, ana iya yin cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai. Wannan yana rage lokacin caji yayin tabbatar da amincin caji. Koyaya, haɓaka cajin halin yanzu shima zai haifar da haɓakar asarar kuzari saboda juriyar cikin baturin. Ana ƙididdige makamashin da ake cinyewa a cikin juriya na ciki bisa ga ƙididdiga (3-4).

Inda E shine makamashi da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar juriya na ciki;

r shine juriya na ciki na baturi;

t shine canjin lokacin caji;

Ni ne cajin halin yanzu;

t₁ da t₂ sune lokutan farawa da ƙarshen caji.

Gwaji mai zurfi ya nuna cewa juriya na ciki na batirin lithium{0}ion yana canzawa tsakanin 0.4 mΩ yayin caji. Don haka, lissafin (3-4) yana nuna cewa yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi saboda juriya na ciki na baturi yana da alaƙa da gaske ga lokacin caji, amma ta quadratically yana da alaƙa da cajin halin yanzu. A lokacin matakin caji akai-akai, girman cajin halin yanzu shine babban abin da ke tasiri ƙarfin juriya na ciki; babban caji na halin yanzu yana haifar da ƙarin amfani da makamashi. A lokacin wutar lantarki akai-akai, ƙananan matakin halin yanzu, lokacin caji ya zama babban abu na farko da ke tasiri na juriya na ciki; tsawon lokacin caji yana haifar da yawan amfani da makamashi. Idan aka yi la'akari da dukan tsarin caji, tun da cajin halin yanzu yana da dangantaka ta hudu tare da amfani da makamashin juriya na ciki kuma shine babban abin da ke shafar shi, babban cajin cajin halin yanzu yana haifar da mafi girma na juriya na ciki. A aikace-aikacen baturi mai amfani, yakamata a zaɓi halin yanzu mai dacewa ta hanyar la'akari da lokacin caji da inganci.

(2) Tasirin Zurfin Zurfafawa akan Halayen Caji A ƙarƙashin madaidaicin zafin jiki na digiri 20 , an gudanar da gwajin fitarwa akan baturin NCM na lithium{2}} mai girman 66.2 A·h. An fitar da baturin akan ƙimar 0.5C zuwa zurfin zurfafawa daban-daban (DOD) (10%→100%), daidai da Yanayin Cajin (SOC) na 90%→0%. An yi rikodin bayanan ƙarfin lantarki, na yanzu, da ƙarfin aiki yayin aikin fitarwa. Bayan an huta na tsawon mintuna 60, an yi cajin baturin akan ƙimar 0.5C (CC). Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta yanke, an canza yanayin caji zuwa wutar lantarki akai-akai (CV). Lokacin da halin yanzu bai wuce 0.05C ba, an dakatar da aikin, kuma an yi rikodin ƙarfin lantarki, na yanzu, da bayanan iya aiki. Ana nuna bayanan da suka dace a cikin Tebur 3{19}}2. Matsakaicin caji na yanzu na baturin lithium-ion ƙarƙashin zurfin yanayin fitarwa daban-daban ana nuna su a cikin hoto 3-13.

Tebura 3-2 Cajin Ma'aunin Gwajin A Zurfin Zurfafawa Daban-daban

① Daidaita -Irin Cajin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: Ana cajin makamashi ƙarƙashin canjin SOC iri ɗaya (misali, 10%). Misali: idan ƙarfin caji a 90% DOD shine 30W·h, daidai gwargwadon ƙarfin cajin makamashi shine 30W·h; idan ƙarfin caji a 80% DOD shine 50W·h, daidai yake - ƙarfin cajin kuzari shine 25W·h.

② Daidai -Ƙarfin Fitar da Makamashi: Ana fitar da makamashi ƙarƙashin wannan canjin SOC (misali, 10%).

③ Matsakaicin Lokacin Caji kowace Raka'a Iyawar /min: Lokacin Caji / Iyawar Caji.

Daga Tebu 3-2 da Hoto na 3-13, ana iya yanke hukunci mai zuwa:

1) Tare da karuwar zurfin fitarwa, lokacin caji yana ƙaruwa, amma matsakaicin lokacin cajin kowace naúrar yana raguwa, ma'ana karuwar lokacin caji bai dace da zurfin fitarwa ba.

2) Tare da haɓaka zurfin fitarwa, adadin lokacin caji akai-akai zuwa jimlar lokacin caji yana ƙaruwa, kuma adadin ƙarfin caji na yau da kullun zuwa ƙarfin cajin da ake buƙata yana ƙaruwa. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, waɗannan halaye sun fi haifar da abubuwa biyu: na farko, zurfin zurfafawa yana buƙatar dogon lokaci don cajin baturi; na biyu, zurfin zurfafa zurfafawa yayi daidai da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin cajin makamashi a cikin baturi ƙarƙashin yanayin halin yanzu da lokacin caji.

(3) Tasirin Zazzabi akan Halayen Cajin Lithium{1} ion an caja su ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin yanayi daban-daban. Ɗaukar baturin lithium 66.2 Ah NCM{4}} ion a matsayin misali, an yi amfani da hanyar iyakance halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. An yi rikodin sigogin caji tare da iyakar caji na yanzu shine 1.3 A da 3.3 A, kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 3{11}}3. Ƙarƙashin fitarwa ɗaya na halin yanzu, ƙarfin baturi zai fuskanci raguwa mai kaifi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3-13. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance mai girma, ƙarfin fitarwa yana da girma har yanzu. A matakin farko na fitarwa, makamashin da batirin ya yi amfani da shi yana ƙara yawan zafin batirin, yana haɓaka aikin baturin lithium-ion na kayan aiki, kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfin baturi, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfin da za a iya fitarwa. A matakin tsakiya da na gaba na fitarwa, ƙarfin baturi yana raguwa, kuma ƙarfin da ake fitarwa kowane lokaci raka'a yana raguwa daidai da haka.

A daidai wannan zafin jiki kuma tare da irin ƙarfin ƙarewar fitarwa iri ɗaya, magudanar ƙarewar fitarwa daban-daban za su haifar da bambance-bambance a iyawa da kuzarin da aka fitar. Gabaɗaya, ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, ƙananan na yanzu, mafi girman iya aiki da kuzarin da aka saki. Kamar yadda a cikin gwajin fitarwa da aka ambata a sama, 0.2C yana sakin 3.2% ƙarin ƙarfi da kuzari fiye da 1C.