Menene tsarin sadarwar bayanai?
Sadarwar bas ta CAN
Bus ɗin Yankin Mai Gudanarwa (CAN) bas ce ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa da aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen lokaci na gaske-. Yana iya watsa sigina akan murɗaɗɗen biyu, kebul na coaxial, ko fiber na gani. Godiya ga babban aikinta, babban abin dogaro, da kyawawan halayensa na hakika-, CAN ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan motocin fage da aka fi ɗauka a duk duniya.
A halin yanzu, sadarwar CAN ita ce hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun don tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS). Ana ba da shawarar sosai kuma ana aiwatar da shi sosai a cikin daidaitattun tsarin sarrafa batirin abin hawa na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma cikin matakan sadarwar bayanan BMS masu dacewa a cikin Sin da waje. Hakanan ana amfani da wasu ka'idojin bas kamar RS232 da RS485 a wasu hanyoyin sadarwa na ciki na tsarin sarrafa baturi.
FlexRay Sadarwa
Tare da haɓaka fasahar lantarki na kera motoci, mafita na CAN na gargajiya ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don magance ƙalubalen sadarwar abin hawa ba. A cikin Satumba 2000, BMW da DaimlerChrysler, tare da haɗin gwiwar Philips da Motorola, sun kafa FlexRay Consortium don haɓaka sabuwar yarjejeniya ta sadarwa da inganta ta a matsayin ƙa'idar ƙa'idar don ci gaba na wutar lantarki, chassis, da X{2}}by{3} tsarin waya.
FlexRay yana ba da abubuwan ci gaba da yawa waɗanda na gargajiya a cikin{0}}ka'idojin sadarwar mota (kamar CAN) ba su mallaka, gami da:
(1) Yawan watsawa mai girmaKowane tashar FlexRay yana ba da bandwidth na 10 Mbit/s. FlexRay na iya aiki azaman tsarin tashoshi ɗaya - (mai kama da cibiyoyin sadarwa na CAN ko LIN) ko azaman tsarin tashoshi biyu{3}, yana samun matsakaicin adadin watsawa na 20 Mbit/s-20 fiye da matsakaicin saurin aiki na hanyoyin sadarwa na CAN na yanzu.
(2) Tushen Lokaci Aiki tareHanyar shiga da ake amfani da ita a cikin FlexRay ta dogara ne akan tsarin lokaci na duniya da aka daidaita. An kafa wannan tushen lokaci ta atomatik kuma an daidaita shi ta hanyar yarjejeniya kuma an samar da shi ga layin aikace-aikacen. Matsakaicin tushen lokaci yana tsakanin 0.5 μs da 10 μs (yawanci 1-2 μs).
(3) Sadarwar ƘaddaraSadarwa a cikin FlexRay yana faruwa a ci gaba da maimaita zagayowar sadarwa, inda aka sanya takamaiman saƙonni ƙayyadaddun matsayi (ramuka) a cikin zagayowar. Sakamakon haka, mai karɓa ya san a gaba daidai lokacin da saƙo zai zo. Bambancin ɗan lokaci na lokutan isowar saƙo yana da ƙanƙanta da garanti.
(4) Hakuri Mai GirmaƘarfin gano kuskure da kuskure{0}}aiki mai haƙuri shine mahimman la'akari da ƙira a cikin FlexRay.
- Motar FlexRay tana aiki da Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) don gano kurakuran sadarwa.
- Ta hanyar sadarwar tashoshi biyu-, FlexRay yana ba da ƙarin aiki.
- Ta amfani da tauraro topology (ko haɗin topologies), FlexRay na iya cikakken magance kuskure{0}}buƙatun haƙuri, gami da guda{1}}maki{2} na- rage gazawa.
(5) sassauciSauye-sauye shine babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a yayin haɓaka ƙa'idar FlexRay kuma yana nunawa a cikin abubuwan da ke gaba: ① Yana goyan bayan manyan hanyoyin sadarwa (bas, star, hybrid, da dai sauransu); ② Tsawon saƙon da za a iya daidaitawa: tsawon lokacin biyan bayanan za a iya daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen sarrafawa; ③ Lokacin amfani da topology na tashoshi biyu{1}, ana iya amfani da tashoshi biyu don ƙara yawan bandwidth ko kuma isar da saƙon da ba su da yawa; ④ Za'a iya daidaita tsawon lokaci na tsayayyen sassa da tsauri a cikin zagayowar sadarwa bisa ga takamaiman bukatun aikace-aikacen.
Ethernet masana'antu
Ethernet masana'antu cikakken buɗaɗɗe ne, cikakkiyar hanyar sadarwar dijital. Na'urori daga masana'antun daban-daban na iya samun haɗin kai cikin sauƙi ta hanyar bin daidaitattun ka'idojin cibiyar sadarwa. Yana ba da ƙimar sadarwa mai girma: Ethernet mai sauri tare da saurin 10 Mbit / s da 100 Mbit / s an karɓa sosai, fasahar Gigabit Ethernet ta girma, kuma 10 Gbit / s Ethernet yana ƙarƙashin bincike da haɓaka aiki. Waɗannan ƙimar sun fi na motocin safa-safa na yanzu.
Koyaya, masana'antar Ethernet har yanzu tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, da farko gami da:
- Aiki na ainihi{0}
- Daidaituwa da aminci a cikin matsanancin yanayin masana'antu
- Samuwar aikace-aikacen{0}}ka'idojin Layer masu dacewa da sarrafa sarrafa kansa na masana'antu
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar Ethernet masana'antu, ana ci gaba da warware batutuwan da ke sama.
