Menene Halayen Batirin Lithium{0}ion?
Ƙarfi da Ƙarfin Electromotive na Lithium{0} ion Abubuwan Batir
A lokacin cajin -halin fitar da batir lithium{1}}, kayan aiki masu inganci da na'urorin lantarki ne kawai za su sha lithium - ion intercalation/deintercalation reactions, yayin da electrolyte da sauran kayan ba a cinye su. Don haka, yuwuwar abin da kayan lantarki masu inganci da mara kyau suna jujjuya su zuwa tsaka-tsaki/intercalate lithium ions suna ƙayyade buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki na baturi, da adadin lithium ions intercaating/deintercalating yana ƙayyade ƙarfin kayan aiki. Yawancin masana'antun lithium na duniya da masu samar da batir lithium{7} ion sun dogara da waɗannan halayen kayan don cimma daidaiton samar da yawan jama'a da daidaiton aikin samfur.
Don mummunan lantarki, abin da ya faru yana faruwa bisa ga Equation (1.2). Kowane mole na carbon (12g), iyakar 1/6 mol na ions lithium za a iya shiga tsakani. Saboda haka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iya aiki na kayan lantarki mara kyau na carbon shine
1/6(mol)×96485(Faraday akai-akai,C/mol)/12(g)=3400C/g=372(mA·h/g) (1.5)
A cikin yin amfani da yau da kullum, la'akari da asarar lithium saboda adsorption da kuma samar da fim din m electrolyte interphase (SEI), ainihin iya aiki na musamman na kayan carbon shine 300-345 mA · h / g. Manyan lithium{3}}Masu samar da fakitin baturi sun cimma wannan matakin ta hanyar ingantacciyar ƙirar graphite da ingantattun hanyoyin rufewa.
Don ingantaccen kayan lantarki, ƙarfinsa ya dogara da adadin ions lithium waɗanda za'a iya cirewa/ saka. Ɗaukar LiCoO₂ a matsayin misali, har zuwa mol 1 na lithium ions a kowace mole na LiCoO₂ na iya shiga cikin aikin. Saboda haka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin LiCoO₂ (ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta 97.86) shine
1 (mol)×96485(C/mol)/97.86(g){3}}C/g=273.9(mA·h/g) (1.6)
A aikace, don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na kayan LiCoO₂, gabaɗaya kawai 30% -60% na ions lithium suna shiga cikin aikin. Saboda haka, ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin kayan LiCoO₂ shine 137-164 mAh/g. Manyan lithium{6} ion baturi OEM masana'antun sarrafa zurfin cajin da fitarwa ta ci-gaba BMS don karawa da sake zagayowar rayuwa yayin da tabbatar da aminci.
Don lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, 1 mol na lithium ions a kowace mole na lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate iya shiga cikin dauki. Sabili da haka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin ƙarfin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate abu (dangantakar kwayoyin halitta 157.8) shine
1 (mol)×96485(C/mol)/157.8(g){3}}C/g=169.8(mA·h/g) (1.7)
A cikin yanayi, madaidaicin yuwuwar redox na Li/Li⁺ shine mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda ya kai -3.04 V (vs. Standard hydrogen electrode). Don kayan lantarki mara kyau na carbon, yuwuwar hakar lithium-ion da sakawa yana kusa da yuwuwar ma'aunin Li/Li⁺. Bisa ga ka'idar electrochemical, a dakin da zafin jiki, da yiwuwar lantarki m E na carbon korau electrode ne
E {0} E digiri + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺)/C(Li,C₆)] (1.8)
ina
E digiri - daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki;
C (Li⁺) - yawan ion lithium a cikin maganin electrolyte;
C(Li,C₆) - yawan ion lithium a cikin iskar carbon mara kyau.
Lokacin da lithium ion maida hankali a cikin bayani da kuma a cikin korau electrode carbon suna kusa, da m lantarki m electrode korau daidai da daidaitaccen rage yuwuwar digiri E. Gabaɗaya, ƙaddamarwar lithium ion a cikin electrolyte yana daidaitawa, don haka canje-canje a cikin maida hankali na lithium ion a cikin carbon carbon mara kyau zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin yuwuwar wutar lantarki mara kyau. A halin yanzu babu wata hanya ta duniya don ƙididdige madaidaicin ma'auni na Li/C₆ tare da bambancin darajar x. Gabaɗaya an ƙaddara ta gwaji. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa yuwuwar lalata kayan graphite{4}} gabaɗaya ya bambanta tsakanin 0-0.4 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), yana mai da su ingantattun kayan lantarki mara kyau don aikace-aikace. Hoto 1.2 yana nuna nau'in caji na yau da kullun{10}}halayen fiddawa na graphite korau electrode.
Ga LiCoO₂ tabbataccen kayan lantarki, tsarin tsaka-tsakin lithium / deintercalation tsari ne guda -. Kamar yadda maida hankali na lithium ion a cikin ingantaccen kayan lantarki ya canza, yuwuwar ingantaccen lantarki shima yana canzawa. Yin la'akari da ƙaddamarwar lithium ion a cikin electrolyte shine 1 mol / L, don amsawa a cikin Equation (1.1), ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki E shine
E {0} E digiri + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺,CoO₂)/C(LiCoO₂)] (1.9)
ina
E digiri - daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki;
C (LiCoO₂) - maida hankali na LiCoO₂ a cikin ingantaccen kayan lantarki;
C(Li⁺,CoO₂) - maida hankali na Li⁺ da CoO₂ a cikin ingantaccen kayan lantarki;
Yayin da ake fitar da ions lithium, ingantaccen yuwuwar lantarki yana nuna yanayin ƙasa.
Cajin -Tsarin fitar da sinadarin lithium iron phosphate abu shine jujjuyawa daga lithium iron phosphate zuwa baƙin ƙarfe phosphate bayan ɓacin rai.
A dauki a lithium iron phosphate electrode ne
LiFePO₄ ↔ FePO₄ + Li⁺ + e⁻ (1.10)
Its lithium -Ion intercalation/deintercalation tsari ne na lokaci biyu{1}. Sabili da haka, canje-canje a cikin maida hankali na lithium ion a cikin ingantaccen kayan lantarki ba ya shafar yuwuwar canjin ingantaccen lantarki. Matsakaicinsa shine
E=E digiri + 0.02567 · ln[C(FePO₄)/C(LiFePO₄)] (1.11)
Matsakaicin daskararru mai tsafta shine 1. Dangane da sigoginsa na thermodynamic, yuwuwar ma'auni na ka'idar shine 3.4 V.
Matsakaicin cajin - siffar sifa ta sifa ta lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate ana nunawa a hoto 1.3.
Halayen Aiki na Batirin Lithium{0}ion
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran batura, baturan lithium{0}ion suna da halaye masu zuwa waɗanda masu rarraba batirin lithium da abokan cinikin masana'antu suka san su sosai:
Babban ƙarfin makamashi.Yawan kuzarin batirin lithium{0}ion ya kai 100 W·h/kg da 200 W·h/L ko fiye. Batir lithium na ternary na baya-bayan nan{4} ion sun sami takamaiman adadin kuzari na 200 W·h/kg. Yin amfani da babban{7}}nickel silicon- tushen anode kayan da lithium{9}} wadataccen kayan cathode, ana sa ran takamaiman makamashin zai kai 400 W·h/kg da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin 900 W·h/L, wanda ya zarce batir na gargajiya. Don haka, batirin lithium{13}} ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfuran lantarki masu ɗaukar nauyi da motocin lantarki.
Babban buɗewar wutar lantarki{0}.Saboda amfani da sauran abubuwan da ba -masu ruwa ba, wutar lantarki guda - tantanin halitta ya kai 3.6–3.8 V, wanda shine sau 2-3 na nickel{6}}metal hydride ko nickel{7}} baturi cadmium. Ingantacciyar amfani da manyan kayan cathode masu ƙarfi na iya ƙara ƙarfin aiki na tantanin halitta guda zuwa 4.5-5 V, wanda shine ɗayan mahimman dalilai na yawan ƙarfin kuzarin batirin lithium{12}}.
Mai ikon yin babban caji da fitarwa.Misali, duk batir lithium{0}mai ƙarfi{1} - ion da ke amfani da polymer electrolytes na iya cimma ƙimar fitarwa sama da 10C tare da ingantaccen tsaro; lithium -batir ion ta amfani da lithium iron phosphate kamar yadda cathode zai iya kaiwa 100C fitarwa.
Ƙarƙashin ƙimar fitar da kai{0}.A yanayin zafin daki, adadin fitar da kai na kowane wata - na batirin lithium{1}} gabaɗaya bai wuce 10% ba, ƙasa da batirin nickel{3}}ƙarfe hydride baturi (15%) da rabin na nickel{5}}batir cadmium. Adadin fitar da kai{7} na batirin lithium iron phosphate gabaɗaya bai wuce 3% ba.
Abokan muhalli,wanda ba shi da gubar, cadmium, mercury, ko wasu abubuwa masu cutarwa, kuma baya gurɓata muhalli.
Babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.Tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana nufin abin da ya faru inda ƙarfin baturi ya ragu lokacin da aka sake caji kafin a cika shi gabaɗaya ko amfani da shi kafin a cika caji (tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba lalatawar ƙarfi bane). Batirin lithium{1}ion ba su da tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Kyakkyawan aminci.Batir lithium{0} ion gabaɗaya suna amfani da kayan carbon azaman gurɓataccen lantarki, wanda ke da yuwuwar lantarki kusa da na ƙarfe na lithium. Lithium ions na iya jujjuya tsaka-tsaki da daidaitawa a cikin carbon, yana rage yuwuwar shigar ƙarfen lithium kuma yana inganta amincin baturi sosai. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, harshen wuta{3}}abin da ake ƙara ƙarawa, harshen wuta{4}}masu rarrabawa, na'urorin PTC (tabbataccen yanayin zafin jiki), fashewar bawul, tsarin sarrafa baturi, da sauran fasahohi sun tabbatar da ingantaccen amincin batirin lithium- ion.
Rayuwa mai tsayi.Rayuwar zagayowar batirin lithium{0}ion gabaɗaya ya fi zagayowar 500. Rayuwar sake zagayowar batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate gabaɗaya shine 2000-3000 hawan keke. Lokacin da aka daidaita tare da tsarin kayan abu na anode tare da babban ƙarfin sake zagayowar (kamar lithium titanate), ana iya samun sama da hawan keke 10,000. Wannan ya sa batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe ya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don tsarin batir ajiyar makamashi da manyan ayyukan ESS{9}.
