Menene Cikakken Cajin? {0} Polinovel

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Cikakken caji shine yanayin lokacin da baturi ya kai iyakar ƙarfin ƙarfinsa kuma baya iya karɓar ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki. Ga mafi yawan batura masu caji, wannan yana faruwa a takamaiman madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki{1}}yawanci 4.2 volts akan kowane tantanin halitta na lithium{3}}batir ion{4}a lokacin aikin caji yana tsayawa ta atomatik don hana lalacewa.

Manufar cikakken caji yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki maimakon kawai iyawa. Kowane sinadari na baturi yana da ƙayyadadden matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ke nuna cikakken caji. Lokacin da ka toshe na'urarka, caja yana isar da halin yanzu har sai baturin ya kai wannan ƙayyadadden matakin ƙarfin lantarki.

Don baturan lithium{0} ion, nau'in gama gari a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, cikakken caji yana nufin 4.2V kowace tantanin halitta. Batirin wayar salula mai cell guda ya kai cikakken caji a 4.2V, yayin da fakitin batirin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai sel uku a jere ya kai 12.6V.Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki yana da mahimmanci- wuce shi ko da dan kadan na iya haifar da guduwar zafi da lalacewar baturi na dindindin.

Masanan sinadarai na baturi daban-daban suna da nau'ikan ƙarfin caji daban-daban. Batirin gubar -Acid yakan kai cikakken caji akan kusan 2.4V akan kowane tantanin halitta, yayin da nickel{3}}batir hydride (NiMH) ke cika caji kusan 1.4-1.5V kowace tantanin halitta. Thelithium polymer baturi, bambance-bambancen fasahar lithium{0} ion, kuma yana cajin zuwa 4.2V akan kowane tantanin halitta amma yana amfani da gel{2}}kamar electrolyte maimakon ruwa, yana sa ya zama mai sassauƙa cikin siffa kuma mafi aminci a ƙarƙashin damuwa.

Tsarukan caji na zamani suna amfani da dabarar halin yanzu/tsayin wutar lantarki (CC/CV). A lokacin ci gaba na halin yanzu, caja yana ba da iyakar halin yanzu yayin da ƙarfin lantarki ya tashi a hankali. Da zarar baturi ya kai 4.2V, tsarin yana canzawa zuwa yanayin wutar lantarki akai-akai, inda wutar lantarki ke tsayawa akan 4.2V yayin da na yanzu yana raguwa a hankali. Ana la'akari da cajin baturin cikakke lokacin da halin yanzu ya faɗi zuwa kusan 3-5% na ƙimar ƙarfin baturin.

Da'irar caji suna amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don gano lokacin da baturi ya kai cikakken caji. Hanyar ganowa ta farko tana lura da ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu lokaci guda. Lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi ya daidaita a matsakaicin kofa kuma cajin halin yanzu ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙimar yankewar da aka saita, tsarin yana gane cikakken caji kuma yana ƙare aikin caji.

Kula da yanayin zafi yana aiki azaman hanyar ganowa ta biyu.A lokacin matakin ƙarshe na caji, batura suna haifar da zafi. Hawan zafin jiki kwatsam na iya nuna cewa baturin ya kai cikakken caji kuma ana canza duk wani ƙarin halin yanzu zuwa zafi maimakon adana kuzari. Caja masu inganci sun haɗa da thermistors -zazzabi{3}}masu iya jurewa{4}}waɗanda ke kashe caji idan baturin ya wuce amintattun iyakoki.

Tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) a cikin na'urori na zamani suna amfani da nagartattun algorithms waɗanda ke bin sigogi da yawa. Waɗannan tsarin suna lura da ƙarfin ƙarfin tantanin halitta ɗaya a cikin fakitin sel masu yawa, suna tabbatar da daidaiton caji a duk sel. Idan ɗayan tantanin halitta ya kai 4.2V a gaban wasu, BMS na iya jinkiri ko dakatar da caji zuwa wannan tantanin halitta yayin ci gaba da cajin ragowar sel.

Ƙarshen cajin na yanzu ya bambanta da girman baturi da sunadarai. Batirin wayar salula na yau da kullun na iya ƙare caji lokacin da na yanzu ya faɗi zuwa 50-100mA, yayin da baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai ƙarfi zai iya ci gaba har sai halin yanzu ya faɗi ƙasa da 200-300mA. Masu kera suna daidaita waɗannan ƙimar don daidaita saurin caji tare da tsawon rayuwar baturi.

Yawancin na'urori suna ba da cikakkun bayanai lokacin da batura suka kai cikakken caji. Fitilar LED sune mafi yawan abubuwan gani na gani{1} suna canzawa daga ja ko amber yayin caji zuwa kore ko shuɗi idan sun cika. Wasu caja suna kashe hasken mai nuna alama gaba ɗaya idan sun isa cikar caji, yayin da wasu na iya nuna alamar bugun jini don bambanta da jihohin caji mai aiki.

Manuniya software sun ƙara haɓaka. Tsarukan aiki suna nuna adadin baturi, amma kashi kaɗai ba ya nuna cikakken caji. Baturin da ke nuna 100% na iya kasancewa yana karɓar ƙaramar halin yanzu. Cikakken caja na gaskiya yana faruwa lokacin da kashi biyun suka karanta 100% kuma na'urar ta nuna matsayin "Cikakken Caji" ko "Ba a Caja".

Wasu na'urori sun haɗa da amsa haptic, suna ba da girgiza lokacin da caji ya ƙare. Wannan fasalin yana tabbatar da amfani musamman yayin cajin dare lokacin da masu amfani ba za su iya ganin alamun gani ba. Hakanan na'urori masu mahimmanci na iya aika sanarwar turawa don sanar da masu amfani cewa baturin su ya kai cikakken caji.

Canje-canjen jiki yayin caji kuma na iya siginar ƙarewa. Batura suna dumi yayin caji saboda juriya na ciki da halayen sinadaran. Lokacin da baturi ya kai cikakken caji, yakan fara yin sanyi yayin da cajin halin yanzu ya ragu sosai. Koyaya, dogaro da zafin jiki kaɗai ba abin dogaro ba ne{3}} abubuwan muhalli da tsarin amfani da na'urar yana tasiri sosai ga zafin baturi.

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Fahimtar bambanci tsakanin cikakken caji da ƙimar ƙima yana fayyace ruɗani gama gari game da aikin baturi. Ƙarfin ƙimar baturi, wanda aka auna a milliampere -hours (mAh) ko watt{2} sa'o'i (Wh), yana wakiltar adadin kuzarin da zai iya adanawa a ƙa'idar da ke ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi. Cikakken caji yana nufin baturin ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa-baya bada garantin cewa baturin ya riƙe ƙarfin ƙimar sa na asali.

Ƙarfin baturi yana ƙasƙantar da lokaci ta hanyar maimaita cajin - zagayawa. Batir mai shekaru biyu{2}}{3} na iya kaiwa cikakken caji akan 4.2V amma kawai yana riƙe kashi 80% na ainihin ƙarfin sa. Wutar lantarki ta kai madaidaicin madaidaicin caji, amma baturin yana raguwa da sauri fiye da lokacin sabo saboda lalacewar sinadarai ya rage kayan aiki da ake samu don adana caji.

Ƙarfin fashe yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa.Batirin lithium{0}ion yana haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirar lantarki (SEI) akan anode yayin hawan keke. Wannan Layer yana cinye ions lithium na dindindin, yana rage ƙarfin samuwa. Bugu da ƙari, kayan lantarki na iya fashe da gutsuttsura yayin faɗaɗawa da ƙanƙantar da ke faruwa yayin caji da fitarwa, ƙara rage ƙarfin aiki.

Masu kera suna ƙididdige batir a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa{0} yawanci a digiri 25 tare da matsakaicin adadin fitarwa. Ƙarfin duniya na ainihi{3} yana bambanta dangane da zafin jiki, ƙimar fitarwa, da shekaru. Baturin da ya kai cikakken caji a cikin yanayin daskarewa zai iya isar da kashi 50-60% kawai na ƙimar ƙimar sa saboda haɓaka juriya na ciki da saurin halayen sinadarai.

Wasu na'urori suna nuna ma'auni na "lafin lafiyar baturi" waɗanda ke nuna ƙarfin halin yanzu dangane da ƙarfin asali. Wannan ma'aunin yana taimaka wa masu amfani su fahimci cewa isa ga cikakken caji ba yana nufin batirin yana aiki kamar sabo ba{1} kawai yana nufin baturin ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa na yanzu a cikin ƙazantaccen yanayinsa.

Adana tushen batura{0}lithium akan cikakken caji na tsawon lokaci yana ƙara lalacewa. A 4.2V, baturin yana fuskantar matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki akan na'urorin lantarki da na'urorin lantarki. Wannan damuwa yana haifar da halayen da ba'a so waɗanda ke cinye lithium mai aiki da lalata kayan lantarki, rage ƙarfin dindindin.

Bayanan bincike yana nuna bayyanannun tsarin lalacewa masu alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki. Batura da aka adana a yanayin caji 100% suna asarar kusan 20% a kowace shekara a yanayin zafin ɗaki, yayin da batir ɗin da aka adana akan cajin 40- 60% ke rasa ƙarfin 2-4% kawai kowace shekara. Bambancin yana ƙara bayyanawa a yanayin zafi mai girma - cikakken cajin baturi a cikin mota mai zafi zai iya fuskantar mummunar asarar iya aiki cikin watanni.

Na'urorin zamani suna aiwatar da matakan kariya daga cikakken cajin damuwa.Yawancin wayoyi da kwamfyutocin yanzu suna da “canjin cajin baturi” wanda ke koyon tsarin mai amfani da jinkirta caji zuwa 100% har sai an cire na'urar yawanci. Misali, idan kun ci gaba da yin caji na dare kuma kuna cire plug a karfe 7 na safe, na'urar na iya yin caji zuwa kashi 80 cikin sauri, sannan jira har zuwa 6:30 na safe don kammala caji zuwa 100%.

Motocin lantarki (EVs) suna ɗaukar wannan ra'ayi ta hanyar ba da shawarar masu amfani da su saita iyaka zuwa 80-90% don amfanin yau da kullun, suna tanadin cajin 100% kawai don dogon tafiye-tafiye. Batura na EV suna jujjuya dubunnan zagayowar yayin rayuwarsu, don haka iyakance ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar batir. Batirin Tesla da ake cajin zuwa kashi 90 a kai a kai na iya riƙe ƙarfin 90% bayan mil 200,000, yayin da wanda ake cajin zuwa 100% yau da kullun na iya raguwa zuwa ƙarfin 80% akan nisa guda.

Layin wutar lantarki ba shi ne -mai layi{1}} 20% na ƙarshe na caji (daga 80% zuwa 100%) yana haifar da damuwa mara daidaituwa. Wannan yanki yana buƙatar cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai inda halayen sinadarai ke ƙara wahala, yana haifar da ƙarin zafi da haifar da halayen da ba'a so. Don masu amfani suna ba da fifikon tsawon rai sama da matsakaicin lokacin aiki, kiyaye caji tsakanin 20-80% yana ba da mafi kyawun rayuwa.

Fahimtar cikakken caji yana ba da damar mafi kyawun halaye na caji waɗanda ke daidaita dacewa da tsawon rayuwar baturi. Don amfanin yau da kullun, juzu'in cajin caji yana tabbatar da ƙarancin damuwa akan batura fiye da yin caji akai-akai zuwa 100%. Yawancin ƙwararrun baturi suna ba da shawarar kiyaye caji tsakanin 30-80% don amfani akai-akai, suna barin cikakken caji kawai lokacin da matsakaicin lokacin aiki ya zama dole.

Gudun caji yana rinjayar damuwa da zafin jiki. Yin caji mai sauri zuwa cikakken caji yana haifar da ƙarin zafi fiye da jinkirin caji, yana haɓaka lalacewa. Lokacin da lokaci ya ba da izini, amfani da ƙaramin caja{2}wattage yana rage zafin zafi yayin caji. Baturin da aka caje a 5W sama da sa'o'i uku yana samun ƙarancin lalacewa fiye da wanda aka caje shi a 20W a cikin ƙasa da awa ɗaya, kodayake duka biyun sun kai ƙarfin caji iri ɗaya.

Lokaci yana da mahimmanci kamar matakin caji.Barin na'urar da aka toshe bayan cikar cajin ba shi da illa kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani, muddin tsarin caji ya yi kyau{0}}. Caja masu inganci suna shigar da yanayin kulawa inda suke isar da isassun halin yanzu kawai don kashe fitar da kai, yawanci 2-5mA. Koyaya, idan na'urar tana amfani da ƙarfi yayin da aka toshe a cikin-kamar wasan kwaikwayo ko bidiyo-batir na iya zagayawa tsakanin 98-100% akai-akai, wanda ke haɓaka lalacewa.

Gudanar da yanayin zafi yayin caji yana tabbatar da mahimmanci. Ya kamata batura su yi caji a matsakaicin yanayin zafi{1}} a tsakanin 10-30 digiri (digiri 50-86 F). Yin caji a cikin matsanancin sanyi yana rage ƙarfin caji kuma yana iya haifar da platin lithium, yayin da caji a cikin matsanancin zafi yana haɓaka kowane nau'in lalacewa. Cire abubuwan waya yayin caji don haɓaka ɗumamar zafi, kuma guje wa cajin na'urori akan filaye masu laushi kamar gadaje ko gadaje masu kama zafi.

Don na'urorin da aka yi amfani da su na ɗan lokaci, kamar batir ɗin ajiya ko kayan aikin yanayi, adana su akan cajin 40-50% maimakon cikakken caji. Wannan ma'ajiyar wutar lantarki yana rage lalacewa yayin lokutan barci. Bincika batura da aka adana kowane ƴan watanni kuma a yi caji idan sun faɗi ƙasa da 20% don hana lalacewa mai zurfi.

Tsarin caji na zamani yana dakatar da isar da mahimmancin halin yanzu da zarar baturi ya cika caji, shigar da yanayin kulawa wanda ke ba da ƙaramin ƙarfi. Cire kayan aiki nan da nan bayan cikakken caji yana ba da fa'ida ta gefe sai dai idan kuna amfani da na'urar sosai yayin da kuke sakawa, wanda zai iya haifar da hawan keke tsakanin 98-100%. Ga yawancin masu amfani, barin na'urar toshe na ƴan ƙarin sa'o'i ba ya haifar da lahani da za a iya aunawa.

Wannan yawanci yana nuna batutuwan daidaita baturi maimakon ainihin asarar iya aiki. Tsarin sarrafa baturi yana ƙididdige matakin caji bisa ƙarfin lantarki da ma'aunin halin yanzu. Idan waɗannan ƙididdiga sun ɓace daga gaskiya, tsarin zai iya bayar da rahoton 100% lokacin da ainihin cajin ya ragu. Yin cikakken zagayowar - zagayowar caji lokaci-lokaci yana taimakawa sake daidaita tsarin, kodayake wannan ba lallai bane fiye da kowane ƴan watanni.

Haqiqa caja na gaske - wuce 4.2V akan kowane tantanin halitta{2}} yana da wuyar gaske tare da caja da na'urori masu inganci. Matsakaicin kariyar suna da ƙarin kariya masu yawa waɗanda ke hana ƙarfin lantarki wuce iyaka mai aminci. Koyaya, kiyaye batura akai-akai akan caji 100%, ko da a daidai ƙarfin lantarki, yana haɓaka lalata sinadarai. Ana amfani da kalmar "yawan caji" sau da yawa don kwatanta caji mai tsawo a cikakken caji, wanda ke haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi maimakon cajin gaske.

Ba tare da alamun aiki ba, zaku iya amfani da ma'aunin ƙarfin lantarki tare da multimeter. Don baturan lithium sel guda -, ana auna cikakken cajin 4.2V a cikin tashoshin baturi. Don fakitin sel da yawa, ninka 4.2V ta adadin sel a cikin jerin. A madadin, lura da lokacin caji{8}mafi yawan batura na buƙatar awanni 2{10}} 3 don cikakken caji daga kusa-kusa tare da daidaitattun caja. Yin caji fiye da wannan lokacin ba tare da canji a zafin baturi yana nuna cewa an kai cikakken caji.

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Ilimin sinadarai na baturi bai canza asali ba cikin shekarun da suka gabata, amma fahimtarmu na mafi kyawun ayyukan caji yana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Masana'antar yanzu sun gane cewa neman cajin 100% kowane zagayowar yana zuwa tare da ciniki{2}}waɗanda masu amfani da yawa za su ƙi idan an fi saninsu game da hanyoyin.

Yi la'akari da ainihin bukatunku da halin al'ada. Yawancin mutane na iya aiki tare da cajin 80% na ayyukan yau da kullun, suna ajiyar cikakken caji na kwanaki lokacin da matsakaicin lokacin aiki yana da mahimmanci. Wannan gyare-gyare mai sauƙi, haɗe tare da guje wa zubar da ruwa mai zurfi a ƙasa 20%, na iya tsawaita tsawon rayuwar batir da 50-100% ba tare da buƙatar kowane kayan aiki na musamman ko rashin jin daɗi ba.

Masana'antar fasaha sannu a hankali tana daidaitawa ga waɗannan haƙiƙanin. Ƙarin masana'antun yanzu sun haɗa da fasalulluka na lafiyar baturi, zaɓuɓɓukan iyakance caji, da daidaitawar cajin algorithms waɗanda ke rage lokacin da ake kashewa akan cikakken caji. Kamar yadda batura ke wakiltar abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da mahimmancin farashin canji, yi tsammanin waɗannan fasalulluka na kariya su zama daidaitattun maimakon zaɓuɓɓuka masu ƙima.

Key Takeaways

Cikakken caji yana faruwa a matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki (4.2V na lithium{1} ion), ba lokacin da baturi kawai ya karanta 100%

Tsayar da batura a cikakken caji yana haɓaka lalacewa idan aka kwatanta da jahohin cajin yanki

Tsarin caji na zamani yana amfani da ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da saka idanu zafin jiki don gano cikakken caji daidai

Yin caji tsakanin 20-80% don amfanin yau da kullun yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar baturi

Cikakken cajin wutar lantarki ya kasance koyaushe yayin da ƙarfin baturi ke raguwa akan lokaci

Shawarar Haɗin Ciki

Ƙarfin baturi da ƙimar fitarwa

Lithium{0} ion tushen sinadarai na baturi

Fasahar sarrafa batir (BMS).

Yin caji mai sauri tare da jinkirin cajin bincike

Mafi kyawun ayyuka na ajiyar baturi