Amp Hours zuwa Watt Hours: Cikakken Jagoran Juyawa

Mun rasa aikin ajiyar sanyi na AGV a cikin Q3 a bara. Injiniyan abokin ciniki ya dage akan sake ƙididdige ainihin Wh ta amfani da 80% DoD tare da abubuwan rage zafin nasu. Mun yi nakalto kai tsaye ta amfani da ma'aunin 100Ah sau 12V, kuma ya ƙare kusan 15% a kashe.

 

A gaskiya, na yi tsammanin lissafin su ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a lokacin. Idan muka waiwayi baya, lallai gyaran yanayin zafin su ya kasance mai tsauri, amma mun riga mun yi hasarar - jayayya akan daidai ko kuskure ba shi da ma'ana. Tun daga wannan lokacin, muna buƙatar duk ƙididdiga don haɗawa da takardar aikin ƙididdigewa, kuma dole ne ta shiga aikin injiniya kafin CFO ta sa hannu. Tsarin ya fi wahala, amma aƙalla ba za mu sake yin asarar ma'amaloli ba akan kurakuran da aka yi irin haka.

 

Wannan ƙwarewar ta sa na gane wani abu: yawancin mutane suna ɗaukar Ah zuwa Wh kamar jujjuyawar makarantar sakandare{0}}Wh yayi daidai da Ah sau V, anyi. Amma duk wanda ya yi sayayya a zahiri ya san cewa akwai ɗimbin ramuka da ke ɓoye a bayan wannan “sauƙiyar dabara.”

Bari mu fara da Formula da kanta

Wh=Ah × V, daidai. Batirin 100Ah a 12V mai ƙima yana ba ku 1200Wh.

Amma wannan 12V shine irin ƙarfin lantarki. A ainihin aiki, ƙarfin lantarki yana canzawa tsakanin 10.5V da 14.4V. Wanne lamba kuke amfani da shi?

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce haɗa madaidaicin magudanar ruwa, tara Ah wanda aka ninka ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki na nan take V(t). A bisa ka'ida shine mafi daidai, amma gaskiya ba mu cika yin wannan a cikin ainihin ayyukan{1}masu wahala ba, kuma ba yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki ba ne ke iya samar da cikakkiyar maƙallan fitarwa.

Darasi daga Aikin AGV na bara

Komawa wannan aikin da ya ɓace. Mun kimanta masu samar da kayayyaki guda uku, kuma ga yadda abin yake:

Ana kallon kawai $/Wh:

Mai bayarwa C yayi kama da mafi kyawun ciniki, daidai? Amma ba za mu iya jira makonni 16 ba - jinkirin aikin yana nufin hukunci biyar{2} a kowane mako. Mun ƙare yin magana tare da Supplier B, kuma abokin ciniki ya yi amfani da bayanan Supplier C don jayayya cewa girman mu ba daidai ba ne.

Babu wani bangare da ya yi kurakuran lissafin - zato ya bambanta. Mun yi amfani da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da daidaitattun DoD; sun yi amfani da matsakaicin matsakaici - wutar lantarki tare da tsangwama. Ta yaya kuke har gardama akan wannan? A fasaha duka biyu za a iya barata; ta kasuwanci, duk wanda ya rasa ya karba.

Shiyasa Yanzu Na Fi Mai da Hankali akan Wh Than Ah

Ah yana da babbar matsala a matsayin awo: baya nuna kuzari, caji kawai.

Don batura duk wanda aka ƙididdige su a 100Ah:

Me yasa gubar gubar -acid mai iya amfani da shi kasa da rabi? DoD yana iyakance zuwa 50%, in ba haka ba rayuwar sake zagayowar ta ragu sosai. LFP na iya fitarwa zuwa 80% ko ma 90% yayin da ake ci gaba da zagayowar rayuwa.

Yawancin lokaci ana yin watsi da wannan bambance-bambance a lokacin ambato. CFO yana ganin gubar -acid akan $180 da LFP akan $400, kuma martanin farko shine "fiye da ninki biyu farashin." Amma idan kun ƙididdige ainihin kuzarin da ake amfani da shi, gubar -acid kusan $0.30/Wh, LFP kusan $0.38/Wh- tazarar ba ta da ban mamaki. Factor a cikin sake zagayowar, kuma LFP a zahiri yana da rahusa.

Tabbas, wannan ya dogara da takamaiman aikace-aikacen. Don sauyi guda ɗaya -, haske - al'amuran ayyuka, gubar{3}}acid na iya zama da gaske ya fi tattalin arziki-babu buƙatar tura LFP.

Zazzabi: Canja-canjen Mutane da yawa ba su ƙima

Muna da abokin ciniki a Wisconsin yana yin sarkar sanyi{0}masu ajiyar ajiyar su yana zama kusan digiri 40 F shekara{2}}, yana faduwa ƙasa da digiri 20 F a cikin hunturu. Suna amfani da batir AGM a baya, kuma dole ne su maye gurbin su bayan watanni 14 lokacin da ƙarfin ya ragu ƙasa da kashi 60% na ƙididdige - gaba ɗaya mara amfani.

Bayan canzawa zuwa LFP, watanni 26 a cikin yanayi guda kuma har yanzu sama da ƙarfin 90%. ROI akan wannan harka yayi kyau, amma yakamata in fito fili: wannan shine mafi kyawu -scenario- sarkar sanyi shine wuri mai dadi na LFP.

Anan ga kusan yadda zafin jiki ke shafar iya aiki (wannan shine bayanan gwajin mu; masana'antun daban-daban zasu bambanta):

Kamar yadda kake gani, lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, rata tsakanin nau'ikan baturi biyu yana ƙaruwa. A cikin aikace-aikacen ajiyar sanyi, fa'idar LFP tana da mahimmanci.

Amma lura{0}wannan aikin fitarwa ne. Ƙarƙashin cajin zafin jiki - don LFP wani matsala ne. Cajin ƙasa da digiri 0 yana haifar da plating na lithium, kuma yawancin tsarin BMS za su kulle caji kawai. Da abokan ciniki sun koka game da wannan, suna cewa baturin ya karye{6}}haƙiƙa tsarin kariyar BMS ne ke jawowa. Tallace-tallace ba za ta faɗa muku wannan a hankali ba.

Yadda ake ƙididdige TCO

Ina da bayanai daga jiragen ruwa masu kama da juna biyu. Mun sarrafa don masu canji gwargwadon yiwuwa, amma har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance a cikin ayyukan abokin ciniki{1}} ɗaukar bayanan azaman abin tunani kawai.

An adana kusan $120K, tsakanin watanni 14 zuwa 16, ya danganta da yadda kuke ƙididdige adadin kuɗin ƙasa.

Fleet B yanzu yana cikin watanni 38 kuma har yanzu yana kusa da iya aiki 87%. Dangane da wannan la'akari da lalacewa, wasu shekaru 3 bai kamata ya zama matsala ba. Fleet A ya riga ya wuce ta zagayowar maye gurbin baturi kuma yana gab da buƙatar wani.

Matsalolin Ƙirar Ƙarfi

Na ga mutane da yawa masu saye suna yin girman batir don "aminci." 100Ah zai ishe su amma suna siyan 200Ah. Tunani mai fahimta, amma wannan hanyar tana da matsaloli tare da LFP.

LFP baya son zama a babban SOC na dogon lokaci{0}}. Muna da abokin ciniki wanda ya wuce 40%, yana tunanin yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, iyawarsu a haƙiƙa ya yi muni fiye da girman batura. Duba rajistan ayyukan BMS ya nuna batura koyaushe suna sama da 75% SOC, ba kasafai suke zurfafawa ba{6}}.

Kwayoyin da ke iyo a babban ƙarfin lantarki na dogon lokaci - a haƙiƙa yana ƙara tsufan kalanda.

Ka'idodin girman mu na yanzu: aiki baya daga 70{1}} 80% DoD a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi{3}} yanayin . 15-20% ya isa - kar ku yi kwaɗayi.

Ga yadda ake lissafin (ta amfani da ainihin aikin a matsayin misali):

1. Na farko, ƙayyade buƙatun makamashi. Ka ce kayan aikin suna ci gaba da gudana a 500W har tsawon awanni 6{3}} shine 3000Wh danye bukata.
2. Sannan ƙara derating. A ciki, muna amfani da ma'auni 0.65 don aikace-aikacen sito, rufe zafin jiki, C- ƙimar, tsufa, da sauransu. Don ajiyar sanyi, muna amfani da 0.55.3000Wh ÷ 0.65=4615Wh
3. Ƙara gefen aiki na 15%.4615Wh ÷ 0.85=5430Wh
4. A 12.8V mai ƙididdigewa:5430 ÷ 12.8=424 Ah.

Don haka ƙayyadaddun{0}} a hankali, zaɓi daidaitawar 450Ah ko 500Ah.

Wannan hanyar ba za ta dace da kowane yanayi ba, amma ta fi dogaro fiye da ƙima kai tsaye daga ƙimar ƙima.

Tasirin Peukert

Ba zan rubuta wannan sashe ba tunda yana da ƙaramin tasiri akan LFP, amma tunda wannan cikakken jagora ne, mai daraja a ambata.

Batirin gubar acid{0} yana nuna gagarumin raguwar iya aiki a babban C{1}}rates{2} wannan ana kiransa tasirin Peukert. Batirin 100Ah AGM da aka saki a 1C (100A) zai iya isar da 55-60Ah kawai. Ƙididdiga masu ƙira sun dogara ne akan gwajin C/20 ko C/10, nesa da ainihin amfani.

Ƙwararren Peukert na LFP yana kusa da 1.02-1.05, da gaske mara kyau. Ko kuna fitarwa a 0.5C ko 1C, ƙarfin yana bambanta da kaɗan kaɗan kawai.

Don haka idan aikace-aikacenku ya ƙunshi babban - fashewa na yanzu{1}}haɓakar AGV, ɗagawa da cokali mai yatsu, da sauransu.{3}}ƙarfin ƙimar gubar-acid lamba ce kawai; ainihin abin da kuke samu ya dogara da zagayowar aiki. Ƙarfin ƙima na LFP yana da ingantacciyar abin dogaro.

Abin da za a duba tare da masu kaya

Ba zan ba da shawarar ko badmouth kowane takamaiman masu samar da kayayyaki ba a nan. Kowa yana da ribobi da fursunoni, kuma yanayin aikace-aikacenmu bazai shafi naku ba.

Amma akwai 'yan abubuwa da zan iya raba:

• Ga masu samar da fakitin baturi a kasuwa yanzu, sel suna fitowa daga tushe kaɗan kawai. CATL, BYD, GOTION, EVE{1}waɗannan manyan ƴan wasan sune ke da mafi yawan rabon kasuwa. Don haka sau da yawa ba kwa kwatanta ingancin tantanin halitta amma ƙirar BMS da iyawar haɗin kai.
   
• Lokacin da ake neman masu samar da maƙallan fitarwa, nemi aƙalla uku: 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C. Yawancin ƙananan dillalai ba za su iya samar da su ba, ko ba ku da kwafin kwafi daga wani. Manyan dillalai za su fara tambaya game da takamaiman aikace-aikacenku da farko, sannan samar da bayanan gwajin da aka yi niyya.
   
• Tallace-tallacen rashin iya amsa tambayoyin fasaha a wurin ba ya da ma'ana sosai. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shine ko za ku iya samun bayanan mai amfani a cikin sa'o'i 72. Ainihin jajayen tuta shine shiru na rediyo bayan tambaya, ko samun tarin kayan tallace-tallace.
   
• Karanta sharuɗɗan garanti a hankali. Yawancin dillalai suna rubuta "shekaru 10 ko 4000 zagayowar zagayowar," amma bugu mai kyau yana da iyakokin abubuwan da za a iya bugawa a shekaru 6. Wasu suna ayyana hawan keke ta hanyoyi marasa ma'ana -10% DoD da 90% DoD suna ƙidaya a matsayin sake zagayowar-samar da irin waɗannan garanti da gaske mara amfani.
   
• Bayanan gwaji na UL 9540A thermal runaway{1}}masu siyar da LFP na halal ya kamata su kasance da shi. Wadanda suka yi shakka kuma suka ce "za mu iya shirya gwaji" ko dai ba su gwada ko gwada da sakamako mara kyau ba.