Menene Batir Lithium ion? {0} Polinovel

ByJake Morrison, Hardware Writer|Sarah Chen|Mike Patterson
Buga:Fabrairu 8, 2025

Kyawawan duk abin da za'a iya caji a kwanakin nan yana aiki akan batir lithium ion. Wayarka, a fili. Laptop Waɗancan belun kunne mara waya da ƙila kuke sawa a yanzu. Fasahar ta tashi a cikin 1991 lokacin da Sony ya fara sayar da ƙwayoyin lithium ion na farko don camcorders, kuma tun daga lokacin yana ci cikin kowane nau'in samfur.

Mutane suna tambayar "abin da ke da batirin lithium ion" suna tsammanin jerin sauƙi, amma ainihin amsar ita ce: ku dubi gidan ku. Ƙirga na'urori masu caji. Amsar ku kenan.

Waɗannan batura suna adana kuzari ta hanyar rufe ions lithium baya da gaba tsakanin wayoyin lantarki guda biyu{0}anode zuwa cathode lokacin fitarwa, juyar da alkibla lokacin da kuka toshe su a cikin sinadarai mai rikitarwa amma sakamakon aiki mai sauƙi ne: ƙarin iko a ƙasan sarari fiye da tsofaffin nau'ikan baturi da za su iya sarrafawa.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Dalilai uku. Yawan makamashi yana bugun komai. Tantanin halitta lithium ion yana ɗaukar awanni 150{3}250{5} akan kilogiram ɗaya. Kwatanta wannan da nickel-cadmium a wata kila 40-60 Wh/kg. Ba ma kusa ba.

Na biyu, babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ka tuna da tsoffin wayoyi marasa igiya inda dole ne ka cire batirin gabaɗaya ko zai "manta" cikakken ƙarfinsa? Lithium ion baya yin haka. Yi cajin shi kowane lokaci. Na uku, ƙarancin fitar da kai -wasuwa{4}} suna riƙe da cajin su a zaune a kan shelf, suna yin hasarar ƙila 2-3% a kowane wata akan 20% na batir NiMH.

Farashin kuma ya sauko. A baya a cikin 90s waɗannan batura sun yi tsada sosai wanda kawai manyan kayan lantarki ke amfani da su. Yanzu suna da arha isa ga kantin sayar da dala na cajar USB. To, arhaisa-har yanzu ya fi alkaline tsada, amma cajin yana biya da sauri.

Wayoyin hannu suna jagorantar fakitin. IPhone 15 Pro yana da batirin 3,274mAh. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra ya fi girma a 5,000 mAh. Kowace waya daga ƙirar $50 da aka riga aka biya zuwa $1,500 flagships tana amfani da lithium ion{12}} yawanci lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) chemistry saboda yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki a cikin wurare masu tsauri.

Kwamfutoci suna gudanar da manyan batura, yawanci 50-80 Wh don ultrabooks, har zuwa 100 Wh don wuraren aiki. A haƙiƙa, 100 Wh shine ƙayyadaddun doka don ɗaukar batura a cikin jiragen sama ba tare da izini na musamman ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu kera kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka suke kaiwa wannan lambar. Hukumar ta FAA ta kafa wannan ka'ida bayan da batirin lithium ya tashi a kan jirage a cikin 2000s.

Allunan sun faɗi tsakanin -iPad Pro yana da kusan 40 Wh. Kindle Paperwhite? Karamin 6 Wh baturi wanda ke ɗaukar makonni saboda e{4}} tawada yana nuna ƙarfin sip.

Sa'an nan kuma da sauran kayan. Mice mara waya da madannan madannai (yawanci AAA{1}}masu girman ƙwayoyin lithium ion). Masu magana da Bluetooth -JBL, Ultimate Ears, Bose, duk lithium ion. Masu sarrafa caca. Smartwatch. Fitness trackers. Kyamarar tsaro mara waya. Ƙofar bidiyo. Wutar haƙora na lantarki. Silsilar ta baka{11}}B iO tana amfani da baturin lithium mai kyau na sati biyu tsakanin caji.

AirPods Pro suna da 1.98 Wh na ƙarfin baturi hade tsakanin belun kunne da akwati. Wanne ba ya yi kama da yawa har sai kun gane suna ƙarfafa sokewar amo mai aiki, sarrafa sautin sarari, da haɗin kai mara waya na sa'o'i.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Motocin lantarki sun canza sikelin gaba daya. Tesla Model 3 Dogon Range yana ɗaukar baturi 75 kWh -watts 75,000 ke nan{6}}, ko kuma kimanin batirin wayoyin hannu 1,500 na kuzari. Baturin kawai yana auna kusan fam 1,000.

Yawancin EVs suna amfani da nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) ko lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry maimakon cobalt{0}} sel masu nauyi a cikin wayoyi. NMC yana ba da ƙarancin kuzari mai kyau tare da ingantaccen yanayin zafi. LFP ya fi aminci kuma yana dadewa -BYD da Tesla duk suna amfani da LFP don daidaitattun samfuran kewayon yanzu. Ciniki{5}kashe yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzari, don haka kuna buƙatar ƙarin sel don kewayo iri ɗaya.

Ford F-150 Walƙiya yana da har zuwa 131 kWh akwai. Rivian R1T yana zuwa 135 kWh a cikin tsarin Max Pack. Lucid Air Dream Range yana da'awar 112 kWh kuma yana samun sama da mil 500 na kewayon EPA saboda injinan su da na'urorin lantarki suna da inganci.

Kekunan wutar lantarki suna ta haɓaka. Rad Power Kekuna yawanci suna amfani da fakitin 48V 14Ah (672 Wh). Keɓaɓɓu{5}}ƙarshen e{6}}kekuna daga Specialized ko Trek suna gudanar da batura 500{9}}700 Wh. E{10}Motoci sun fi ƙanƙanta-Xiaomi M365 tana amfani da 280 Wh, babur haya na Bird da lemun tsami suna yin irin wannan damar.

Motocin lantarki har yanzu suna da kyau amma suna girma. Zero Motorcycles SR/F yana da baturin 14.4 kWh. Energica Ego+ yana tura 21.5 kWh. Bai isa ba don doguwar tafiye-tafiyen babbar hanya tukuna, amma isa can.

Jiragen ruwa ma suna zuwa. X Shore Eelex 8000 jirgin ruwan lantarki yana gudanar da fakitin baturi 125 kWh. Candela C-8 hydrofoil jirgin ruwa yana amfani da 44 kWh kuma "ƙuda" sama da ruwa don rage ja. Arc Sport na wutar lantarki yana kan $300,000 na ƙarshe lokacin da na duba.

Wannan canji ya faru da sauri. Shekaru 20 da suka wuce, ƴan kwangila masu tsanani sun yi dariya da kayan aikin igiya. Yau? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch{2}}duk sun tafi lithium.

Tsarin FlexVolt na DeWalt yana gudanar da 20V ko 60V dangane da kayan aiki. Dandalin M18 na Milwaukee yana da kayan aikin sama da 200 waɗanda ke raba tsarin baturi iri ɗaya. Batura masu Fitar su sun kai ƙarfin 12 Ah{7}} isa don gudanar da madauwari ta hanyar yanke da yawa.

Kayan wutar lantarki na waje sun biyo baya. Ego Power Plus yana yin injin tukin baturi ta amfani da fakitin 56V 7.5 Ah (420Wh). Masu gyaran igiyoyinsu, masu busa ganye, har da masu hura dusar ƙanƙara suna gudanar da dandalin baturi iri ɗaya. Ryobi yana da tsarin 40V. Greenworks yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan 60V da 80V don manyan kayan aiki.

Injin robobi da masu yankan lawn suna gudanar da ƙananan batura tunda suna yin caji ta atomatik. Roomba j{1} yana da kusan 60 Wh. Husqvarna Automower yana amfani da 18V lithium ion, ƙarfin ya bambanta ta samfuri.

Kayan aikin ƙwararru suna ci gaba da girma. Milwaukee yana yin baturin jakar baya yana isar da 300 Wh don gudanar da kayan aiki da yawa akan wuraren aiki. Stihl yana ba da sarƙoƙin baturi mai ƙarfi sosai don aikin bishiyar kasuwanci.

Abubuwan da ake ɗaukan iskar oxygen suna da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke da yanayin numfashi. Inogen One G5 yana amfani da baturin lithium ion yana samar da awoyi 3-6 na aiki dangane da saitunan kwarara. Phillips Respironics Kawai Go Mini yana hari kusan awanni 4.5.

Na'urorin CPAP don bugun bacci suna ƙara ba da zaɓuɓɓukan baturi. ResMed AirMini tafiya CPAP na iya kashe batir lithium na waje. Yana da amfani ga zango ko kashe wutar lantarki.

Na'urorin ji sun canza zuwa lithium mai caji kwanan nan. Ponak Audeo Paradise yana cajin dare ɗaya kuma yana aiki awanni 16+. Starkey Evolv AI irin wannan aikin. Ya fi yin fumbling da waɗancan ƙananan ƙwayoyin maɓallan iska a kowane ƴan kwanaki.

Kayan aikin kula da lafiya{0}}ma'aunin hawan jini, na'urorin glucose, na'urorin ECG masu ɗaukar nauyi{1} da yawa yanzu ana iya caji. AliveCor KardiaMobile yana rikodin ECGs akan waya, yana aiki akan ƙaramin ƙwayar lithium na tsawon watanni.

Famfon jiko, kayan aikin tiyata, kayan aikin bincike da aka yi amfani da su a asibitoci{0}}yawan batir madadin lithium ion ko zaɓuɓɓukan wuta mai ɗaukar nauyi. Kayan aikin wutar lantarki na Stryker System 8 suna amfani da batir lithium ion, bakararre wanda aka rufe don amfanin dakin aiki.

Na'urorin da za a dasa gaba ɗaya nau'i ne daban-daban. Wasu sababbin na'urorin bugun zuciya suna amfani da baturan lithium ion mai caji da aka caje ta hanyar fata (ta hanyar fata) ta amfani da shigarwa. Medtronic yana da samfura inda baturin ke samun caji mara waya sau ɗaya a mako maimakon buƙatar maye gurbin tiyata kowane shekaru 7-10.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Tesla Powerwall 2 yana adana 13.5 kWh, farashin kusan $ 11,000 shigar. Powerwall 3 ya fito kwanan nan tare da ingantacciyar haɗin kai. Generac PWRcell yana ba da tsarin ƙirar 9-18 kWh. LG Chem RESU yana tafiya daga 10-16 kWh dangane da sanyi.

Waɗannan batura na gida suna haɗe tare da fale-falen hasken rana{0}}ana adana tsararraki da yawa da rana, amfani da shi da daddare. Hakanan samar da madadin lokacin fita idan an daidaita shi da kyau. Ba duk tsarin ke aiki a lokacin baƙar fata ba; ya dogara da saitin inverter.

California tana ba da umarnin hasken rana akan sabbin gidaje, don haka ɗaukar baturi yana haɓaka a wurin. Hawaii tana da tsadar wutar lantarki da yawan rana, yana sa hasken rana + tattalin arzikin ajiya yayi aiki da kyau. Texas ta sami wannan gazawar grid a cikin 2021 wanda ya haifar da sha'awar batirin gida.

Shigarwa na kasuwanci ya fi girma. Wani kantin kayan miya na iya shigar da 50{3}}100kWh na batura don sarrafa cajin buƙata. Cibiyoyin bayanai suna amfani da dakunan baturi mai girman megawatt don samun iko, maye gurbin ko ƙara masu janareta na diesel.

Ma'auni mai amfani daji ne. Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility a California yana da 3,000 MWh na iya aiki -wato kilowatt miliyan 3 ke nan{5}, ko kuma ya isa ya yi wutar lantarki kusan gidaje 225,000 na awanni da yawa. Yana amfani da raka'o'in Megapack na Tesla, kowanne ɗayan akwati na jigilar kaya -mai girman baturi 3 MWh.

Wurin ajiyar wutar lantarki na Hornsdale na Ostiraliya yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan batura na farko, wanda Tesla ya gina a cikin 2017 a 150 MWh. An fadada shi tun. Waɗannan tsarin suna daidaita mitar grid, adana makamashi mai sabuntawa, rage buƙatar tsire-tsire mafi girman iskar gas.

Tsarin UPS (madaidaicin wutar lantarki) ana amfani da batirin gubar na al'ada{0}}. Nauyi, da ake buƙatar musanyawa kowace shekara 3{5}}, ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba. Tsarin Lithium ion UPS daga APC, Eaton, Vertiv suna daɗe, ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, nauyi kaɗan. Cibiyoyin bayanai musamman irin wannan-rage nauyi yana nufin ƙarancin tsari a cikin gine-gine.

Jiragen sama marasa matuki da quadcopters{0}}DJI sun mamaye wannan kasuwa. Jirgin su mara matuki yana sarrafa batura lithium polymer (LiPo), waɗanda a zahiri bambancin lithium ion ne tare da polymer electrolyte. DJI Mini 3 Pro yana amfani da baturin 2453 mAh na kusan lokacin jirgin sama na mintuna 34. Manyan jirage marasa matuka kamar Inspire 2 suna ɗaukar batura biyu jimlar 98 Wh.

Kwararrun jirage marasa matuki don bincike, dubawa, bayarwa{0}}dukkan su suna sarrafa batir lithium. Jiragen isar da magunguna na Zipline a Afirka suna amfani da ion lithium. Samfurin isar da jirgi mara matuki na Amazon yana amfani da su.

Aikace-aikacen Aerospace suna faɗaɗa. Jiragen lantarki suna zuwa. Pipistrel Velis Electro yana da batirin lithium{2}} Jirgin sama na farko da aka ba da takardar shaidar horar da jirgin sama a Turai. Beta Technologies da Joby Aviation suna haɓaka tasisin iskar lantarki waɗanda ke aiki da manyan fakitin baturi na lithium.

Tauraron dan adam da jirage masu saukar ungulu suna amfani da batura na musamman na lithium ion da aka gina don tsira daga vacuum, radiation, matsanancin zafin jiki. Tashar sararin samaniya ta ƙasa da ƙasa tana da baturan lithium ion da ke maye gurbin tsofaffin ƙwayoyin nickel{1}}hydrogen. Kowane tsarin baturi yana auna nauyin kilogiram 400+.

Kayan aikin soja{0}}allon gani na dare, radiyon dabara, na'urorin GPS, duk baturan lithium masu aiki yanzu. Mafi kyawun ƙarfin kuzari yana da mahimmanci lokacin da sojoji ke ɗaukar kayan aiki na kwanaki. Rediyon AN/PRC-163 na amfani da baturan lithium ion masu caji.

Kyamara da kayan hoto{0}} kyamarori marasa madubi daga Sony, Canon, Nikon duk lithium ion. Sony A7 IV yana amfani da batir NP{3}FZ100 a 16.4 Wh kowane. Ƙwararrun hasken wuta -Aputure 300d LED fitilu suna gudana akan V{9}} Dutsen lithium baturi (daidaitaccen girman 98 Wh). Makarufo mara waya, masu lura da bidiyo, duk abin da ake ɗauka a cikin samar da fim/photo.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Sabbin baturi{0}}samfuran da aka yi amfani da su galibi suna da haɗin Bluetooth ko Wi{1}Fi. Kuna iya duba halin baturi a wayarka. Kayan aikin wutar lantarki suna nuna matakin caji a cikin app. Ryobi kayan aikin kuma. Tesla yana baka damar saka idanu akan baturin motarka da yin caji daga nesa.

Tsarin sarrafa baturi mai wayo (BMS) yana yin ayyuka da yawa. Suna daidaita wutar lantarki -a cikin fakitin tantanin halitta da yawa, sel guda ɗaya suna nisantar da su akan lokaci, BMS yana fitar da su. Suna lura da zafin jiki, hana yin caji da wuce gona da iri, suna sadar da matsayin na'urar.

Wasu fasalulluka masu alaƙa suna jin gimmicky, amma saka idanu na nesa don kayan aiki masu tsada yana da ma'ana. Ma'aikatan ginin za su iya bin diddigin waɗanne batura ke buƙatar caji. Masu ajiyar makamashi na gida na iya lura da samar da hasken rana da matsayin baturi yayin tafiya.

Akwai matsalar tsaro ko da yake. Firmware baturi yana buƙatar ɗaukakawa wani lokaci. Idan wannan hanyar sadarwar ba a kiyaye shi da kyau ba, yana da yuwuwar lahani. Ba mutane da yawa ke hack batura, amma a ka'ida mai yiwuwa.

Mutane suna ci karo da batirin lithium akai-akai ba tare da tunaninsa ba. Wutar haƙori na lantarki a cikin gidan wanka. Mai tsabtace injin mara waya (Dyson V15 yana da 70 Wh). Hasken walƙiya mai caji. Bankin wuta a cikin jakar ku{6}Anker yana yin samfura daga 10,000 mAh (37 Wh) har zuwa 25,000 mAh (90 Wh).

Kayan wasan yara na ƙara yin caji. Motocin sarrafawa masu nisa, haske{1} kayan wasan yara, na'urorin koyo na lantarki. Beats siyan batir alkaline akai-akai.

Na'urorin gida masu wayo{0}}ƙararar ƙofar bidiyo tana da baturin lithium mai cirewa. Kyamarar tsaro ta Arlo tana amfani da batura masu caji na tsawon watanni. Google Nest thermostats suna da batir lithium madadin. Makullin wayo na Agusta yana gudana akan lithium AAs.

Fitilar hutun da za a yi caji ma. Fitilar igiya tare da ginannun{1} a cikin batura da fatunan hasken rana. Candles LED masu caji. Abubuwan ado.

Abubuwan amfani da sana'a sun bambanta sosai. Ma'aikatan gine-gine suna musanya batir Milwaukee ko DeWalt duk rana. Warehouse forklifts suna cajin batir lithium ion yayin hutu{3}}Damar minti 15 cajin lokacin jiran batirin gubar-acid yayi caji.

Aikin noma tallafi a hankali amma yana faruwa. John Deere yana gwada taraktocin lantarki. Mutum-mutumin noma masu cin gashin kansu suna yawan amfani da wutar lantarki. Tsarin ban ruwa tare da ajiyar baturi.

Masana'antar tsaftacewa ta rungumi lithium. Masu wanke bene, masu cire kafet, masu wanki na kasuwanci{1} kamfanoni kamar Tennant da Karcher suna ba da zaɓuɓɓukan lithium. Yin caji mafi sauri, nauyi mai nauyi, babu buƙatar batir ruwa kamar tsohuwar gubar dalma{3}} da ake buƙata.

Batura suna raguwa. Chemistry ba ya wanzu har abada. Batirin lithium ion na yau da kullun yana riƙe da ƙarfin 80% bayan zagayowar cajin 500-1000, ya danganta da sinadarai da tsarin amfani. Tesla yana ba da garantin batir ɗin su na EV don riƙe 70% a shekaru 8 / mil 100,000-150,000 dangane da ƙira.

Zazzabi yana kashe batura da sauri fiye da komai. Zafi musamman mara kyau{1}}ajiya ko amfani da batura sama da digiri 30 ({3}}digiri F) yana ƙara lalacewa akai-akai. Sanyi yana rage ƙarfin ɗan lokaci amma baya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin kamar zafi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa batura Phoenix EV suna raguwa da sauri fiye da batirin Seattle.

Kalandar tsufa ma gaske ne. Batura suna lalata ko da zama marasa amfani. Ajiye su a cajin 40-50% a cikin yanayin sanyi don tsawon rayuwar shiryayye. Tsayawa baturi akan caji 100% da digiri 40 na tsawon lokaci shine mafi munin lamarin.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na tsaro ba safai ba ne amma suna yin labarai idan sun yi. Lalacewar masana'anta ya haifar da gobarar Samsung Galaxy Note 7 a cikin 2016 - sun tuna wayoyi miliyan 2.5. Hoverboards sun kama wuta sau da yawa a cikin 2015-2016 cewa kamfanonin jiragen sama sun hana su. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana haifar da al'amurran sarrafa inganci, lalacewa ta jiki, ko caji tare da caja mara kyau.

Guduwar thermal -lokacin da tantanin halitta yayi zafi sosai kuma zafin yana haifar da ƙarin halayen da ke haifar da ƙarin zafi{1} shine babban yanayin gazawa. Batura da aka ƙera yadda ya kamata suna da fasalulluka na aminci da yawa: ƙayyadaddun da'irori na yanzu, fis ɗin zafi, fis ɗin taimako na matsa lamba, yadudduka na rufewa. Batura masu arha sun tsallake waɗannan kariyar.

Daidaituwa yana bata wa masu amfani takaici. Kowane alamar kayan aiki yana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan baturi daban-daban. Batirin DeWalt ba su dace da kayan aikin Milwaukee ba. Ryobi ya kasance mai wayo yana kiyaye dandalin su na One+ tsawon shekaru{4}}kayan aikin 2005 suna aiki tare da batura daga 2025. Amma yawancin masana'antun suna son kulle mai siyarwa{7}.

Sake amfani da ababen more rayuwa har yanzu suna ci gaba. Li-Cycle, Redwood Materials, da sauransu suna gina ƙwararrun masana'antar sake yin amfani da batirin lithium. Za su iya dawo da 95%+ na kayan baturi. Amma tarin dabaru na ci gaba da zama ƙalubale{6}}mutane suna jefa batura cikin shara, suna haifar da matsalolin share ƙasa.

BMS yana da mahimmanci amma ganuwa. A cikin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, yana sa ido kan kowane rukunin salula, yana ƙididdige ragowar lokacin aiki, yana sarrafa adadin caji, yana ba da rahoton lafiyar baturi ga tsarin aiki. Ya fi sophisticated fiye da sauti.

Jihar - na{1}} kimantawa yana da wuyar mamaki. Wutar lantarki yana daidaita da matakin caji, amma dangantakar ta bambanta da zafin jiki, nauyi, shekarun baturi. BMS mai kyau yana amfani da hadaddun algorithms na ƙididdiga duk waɗannan a ciki. Shi ya sa adadin batirin waya wani lokaci ya yi tsalle ko kuma ya ragu ba zato ba tsammani- ƙididdigewa yana sake daidaitawa.

Ma'auni daidaita al'amura a cikin fakitin sel da yawa. Kwayoyin mutum ɗaya babu makawa suna da ɗan bambance-bambancen iya aiki. Yayin caji, BMS na iya rufe halin yanzu a kusa da cikakkun sel don barin masu rauni su kama. Daidaitaccen daidaituwa yana watsar da kuzari azaman zafi. Daidaita aiki yana canza kuzari tsakanin sel, mafi inganci amma mafi tsada.

Gudanar da yanayin zafi{0}}BMS na lura da zafin jiki kuma yana iya rage yawan caji/fitarwa idan abubuwa sun yi zafi sosai. EVs suna da ingantaccen tsarin kula da zafi tare da sanyaya ruwa. Kayan aikin wutar lantarki kawai sun dogara da yankewar thermal.

Ka'idojin sadarwa{0}}Cibiyoyin BMS suna magana da na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi ta amfani da I2C, SMBus, CAN bas ko ka'idojin mallakar mallaka. Wannan yana ba na'urori damar nuna ingantaccen bayanin baturi da haɓaka aiki.

Aikace-aikace na masana'antu suna haɗa sa ido na baturi zuwa mafi girman tsarin. Wurin ajiya na iya bin duk batirin forklift a tsakiya, jadawalin caji da batura masu buƙatar sauyawa. Kulawa da tsinkaya bisa bayanan BMS.

Batura masu ƙarfi - su ne grail mai tsarki. Sauya electrolyte mai ruwa tare da ingantaccen yumbu ko kayan polymer. A ka'ida mafi aminci -babu ruwa mai ƙonewa. Maɗaukakin ƙarfin ƙarfi mai yiwuwa. Toyota yayi iƙirarin za su sami ƙwaƙƙwaran batir{6} a cikin motoci nan da 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Solid Power, wasu haɓaka fasahar. Amma masana'anta a sikelin ya kasance ba a warware ba.

Sodium -Batir ion da ke amfani da gishiri maimakon lithium{1}}mai rahusa, mai yuwuwar farashi mai rahusa. CATL ta sanar da batura ion sodium{3} na kasuwanci a cikin 2021. Ƙarfin makamashi ƙasa da lithium ion, amma wannan abin karɓa ne don ma'ajiya ta tsaye. Northvolt gina sodium{6} ion samar a Turai.

Lithium - sulfur bisa ka'ida yana ba da mafi girman yawan kuzari{1}} har zuwa 500 Wh/kg tare da 250 Wh/kg don lithium ion na yanzu. Amma rayuwar sake zagayowar ta kasance mai muni, yawanci tana ƙasƙanta bayan zagayowar 50-100. Bincike ya ci gaba.

Batirin lithium{0}}iska (lithium{1}}oxygen) yana da madaidaicin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi{2}}mai yuwuwa 1,000 Wh/kg. Amma har yanzu suna da sha'awar dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da manyan ƙalubale masu amfani.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

A cikin shekaru 5 - 10 masu zuwa, lithium ion na al'ada zai mamaye. Ingantattun haɓakawa suna ci gaba da zuwa-mafi kyawun kayan cathode, silicon anodes mai maye gurbin graphite (ƙarfafa ƙarfin 20-40%), haɓaka tsarin masana'antu yana rage farashi.

Kudin baturi ya ragu da kusan kashi 90 daga 2010 zuwa 2023, daga kusan $1,100/kWh zuwa $130/kWh na batir EV. Wannan yanayin yana ci gaba, watakila bugawa $ 80-100 / kWh ta 2030. A waɗannan farashin, EVs sun kai daidaitattun farashi tare da motocin gas ba tare da tallafi ba.

Rage cobalt babban abin da ake mayar da hankali ne. Haƙar ma'adinai na Cobalt yana da damuwa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da haɗarin sarkar wadata. Batir na NMC na zamani suna amfani da ƙarancin cobalt fiye da tsofaffin abubuwan da aka tsara (NMC 811 yana da 80% nickel, 10% manganese, 10% cobalt a gaban 1:1:1 rabo). Batura LFP ba su ƙunshi cobalt kwata-kwata.

Silicon anodes ana kasuwanci yanzu. Sila Nanotechnologies yana ba da kayan silicon anode ga masana'antun da yawa. Panasonic ya sanar da batir silicon anode don samarwa. Tesla suna amfani da wasu silicon a cikin ƙwayoyin su riga. Wannan yana haɓaka ƙarfin 10-20% ba tare da canza wani abu game da baturi ba.

Tambayar "abin da ke da batirin lithium ion" za ta sami amsa mafi tsayi a cikin shekaru biyar. Ƙarin nau'ikan samfuran da ke tafiya lantarki. Ƙarin aikace-aikace inda lithium ion ke kawar da tsofaffin fasaha. Fasahar ta girma cikin sauri amma har yanzu tana inganta.

Fahimtar waɗanne na'urori ke amfani da batir lithium yana da mahimmanci yayin da muke tara yawancin su. Yawancin gidaje yanzu suna da na'urori 20-50 masu caji. Sanin abin da kuke da shi, yadda za ku kula da shi, da kuma lokacin da za a maye gurbin shi yana sa waɗancan jarin suka daɗe da yin aiki mafi kyau.