Menene Injin Cajin Caji?
Injin Cajin Caji
Wannan sashe yana misalta ƙa'idar caji na caja ta hanyar gabatar da misalan sifofi daban-daban na tsarin da'irori na caja unidirectional da bidirectional.
Topology Cajin Unidirectional
Caja yana gane juyawa tsakanin AC da DC ta na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi. Babu makawa, na'urorin lantarki na wutar lantarki suna gabatar da ƙarfin amsawa, kuma ƙarfin da ya wuce kima na iya haifar da haɓakar grid na wutar lantarki, rage ingancin wutar lantarki, da ƙarin asarar layi. Matsakaicin ikon aiki zuwa bayyanannen iko a cikin da'ira an bayyana shi azaman ƙarfin wuta. Don murkushe ƙarfin amsawa da ya wuce kima wanda ƙarshen{3}} mai amfani ke bayarwa ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki, ana ƙulla ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki don amfani da wutar lantarki na gida da masana'antu, yawanci ba ƙasa da 0.8 ~ 0.9. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka dauka ita ce fasahar PFC (Power Factor Correction), wacce za ta iya kawar da gurbatar yanayi daga na’urorin lantarki da kuma inganta abubuwan shigar da wutar lantarki.
Cikakkun matakai guda ɗaya{0}cikakken- fasaha na PFC gada yana ba da fa'idodi kamar tsari mai sauƙi, inganci mai girma, da babban mai canzawa tare da zumudin ƙarewa sau biyu{3}, yana sa ya dace da manyan aikace-aikacen wuta. Ana nuna madaidaicin mataki ɗaya-cikakken-gada PFC bisa cikakken tsarin gada a hoto na 11-21. Yana aiki a cikin jihohi biyu:gudanarwar hannu na sama da ƙasakumakishiyar hannu conduction. Yayin gudanar da hannu na sama da ƙasa, na yanzu a cikin inductor ɗin shigarwa yana tashi. Yayin gudanar da kishiyar hannu, na yanzu a cikin inductor na shigarwa yana faɗuwa. Tsarin sarrafawa yana daidaita ma'auni (zagayen aiki) na lokacin gudanarwar hannu na sama da ƙasa a cikin caji da sake zagayowar zagayowar shigarwar don daidaita girman halin yanzu a cikin inductor na shigarwa, yin shigar da halin yanzu ya zama sine a cikin lokaci tare da ƙarfin shigarwa. Wannan a ƙarshe yana kawar da babban- oda na jituwa na yanzu kuma yana samun gyara abubuwan ƙarfi.
Yin nazarin tsarin tafiyar da makamashi, za a iya ganin cewa yayin gudanar da hannu na sama da ƙasa, ƙarfin wutar lantarkin da ke kan babban tafsirin tafsiri mai ƙarfi shine 0, kuma capacitor na fitarwa yana ba da kuzari ga lodi; yayin gudanar da hannu, babban tasfoma{2} yana canja wurin makamashin da aka adana a cikin inductor kuma yana samar da shi.
Ana canza makamashi daga kebul na shigarwa zuwa gefen na biyu na mai canzawa. Bayan babban gyaran mita da tacewa, yana ba da kuzari ga kaya. Ta hanyar daidaita tsarin sake zagayowar aiki, ana iya canza ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kiyaye ƙarfin fitarwa a ƙimar ƙima. A cikin zagayowar aiki ɗaya, inductor ɗin shigarwa yana kammala caji biyu da zagayowar fitarwa, kuma babban tashar wutar lantarki{4}} yana jin daɗi sau biyu, tare da kwatance biyu na tashin hankali. Wannan yana amfani da magnetic core a cikin turawa{6}}hanyar ja, yana haɓaka ƙimar amfani da maganadisu.
Topology Cajin Bidirectional
Hoto na 11{1}22 yana nuna tsarin yanayin babban da'irar don caji da yin cajin caja biyu, wanda ya haɗa da mai gyara PWM mai tushen wutar lantarki na gada guda uku{2}
Ana amfani da hanyoyin wutar lantarki guda uku{0} AC a cikin manyan aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki na masana'antu Bidirectional yana nufin cewa kwararar makamashi na iya kasancewa daga gefen grid zuwa baturin abin hawa, ko daga gefen baturi zuwa gefen grid. Rukunin - Rabin lokaci{6}}arfin wutar lantarki-madogaran PWM gyara a cikin adadi shine nau'in gyara PWM na bidirectional, wanda ke da fa'idodi kamar cimma kwararar kuzarin bi-directional, amsa mai sauri mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen aiki na jiha{8}. Lokacin da yake cikinyanayin gyarawa, makamashi yana fitowa daga gefen grid, halin yanzu shine sinusoidal, kuma lokacinsa daidai yake da wutar lantarki; lokacin da yake aiki a cikijihar inversion aiki, makamashin da aka adana a cikin baturin abin hawa lantarki ana mayar da shi zuwa grid ɗin wuta, kuma grid{0}}gefen halin yanzu da na yanzu duka su ne sinusoidal, tare da bambancin lokaci na digiri 180 .
Mai juyawa DC/DC na bidirectional yana da fa'idodi kamar saurin amsawa mai ƙarfi, ingantaccen canjin makamashi, da ƙarancin na'urorin wuta. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 11-22, lokacin da caja ke cajin baturin abin hawa na lantarki, canzaS1yana gudana, yayin sauyawaS2kullum a kashe. Don haka, mai gyara PWM na bidirectional yana aiki a cikin yanayin gyarawa, kuma mai juyawa DC/DC bidirectional yana cikin mataki{1}}ƙasa, kuma makamashi yana gudana daga gefen grid zuwa gefen baturi; lokacin da baturi ke fitarwa, canzaS2a kashe, canzaS1yana gudanarwa, mai juyawa DC/DC bidirectional yana cikin mataki - sama na haɓaka, kuma mai gyara PWM na bidirectional yana aiki a cikin yanayin jujjuyawar aiki, kuma ana mayar da makamashin da aka adana a cikin baturi zuwa grid ɗin wuta ta wurin gyarawa.
