Menene Zurfin Fitarwa?
Zurfin fitarwa (DoD) yana auna adadin ƙarfin baturin da aka yi amfani da shi dangane da jimillar ƙarfin ajiyarsa. Don batirin 100 Ah da aka saki zuwa 80 Ah, DoD shine 80%.
Wannan ma'auni yana tasiri kai tsaye tsawon lokacin da baturin ku zai šauki da nawa ƙarfin amfani da kuke da shi. Dangantakar madaidaiciya ce amma mai mahimmanci: DoD ita ce jujjuyawar Jihar Caji (SoC), ma'ana yayin da ɗayan ya ƙaru, ɗayan yana raguwa.
Muhimmin Dangantaka Tsakanin DoD da Ƙarfin Baturi
Ƙarfin baturi yana wakiltar adadin kuzarin da baturi zai iya adanawa lokacin da ya cika cikakke, yawanci ana bayyana shi cikin awanni ampere{0}} (Ah) ko kilowatt{1}}awa (kWh). Batirin kWh 10 yana riƙe da kilowatt 10 na wutar lantarki- lokacin da yake cajin 100%.
Kalubalen shine ba koyaushe zaka iya amfani da duk wannan damar ba. Anan shine inda DoD ya zama mahimmanci. Idan mai ƙira ya ba da shawarar 80% DoD don wannan baturi 10 kWh, yakamata ku fitar da 8 kWh kawai kafin a yi caji don guje wa lalata ƙwayoyin sel.
Lissafin yana da sauƙi:
DoD (%)=(Ƙarfin Ƙarfi / Jimlar Ƙarfin) × 100
Idan kun yi amfani da 6 kWh daga baturin 8 kWh, DoD ɗin ku shine 75%. Sauran 2 kWh yana wakiltar SoC ɗin ku na 25%. Waɗannan ma'auni guda biyu koyaushe suna tarawa zuwa 100% - ma'auni ne na ma'auni guda ɗaya da ake kallo ta fuskoki dabam-dabam.
Fahimtar wannan bambance-bambancen yana da mahimmanci saboda ƙarfin yana gaya muku abin da kuke da shi, yayin da DoD ke gaya muku nawa ne zaku iya amfani da shi cikin aminci ba tare da rage rayuwar baturi ba.
Yadda Daban-daban Chemistries Baturi Ke Kula da Zurfin Zurfin
Chemistry na baturi yana ƙayyade zurfin zurfin da zaku iya fitarwa ba tare da haifar da lahani ba. Bambance-bambancen suna da ban mamaki kuma suna shafar duka ayyuka da tattalin arziki.
Gubar -Batura Acid
Batir ɗin gubar na al'ada{0}}acid suna da mafi ƙarancin iyakoki na DoD. Yawancin masana'antun suna ba da shawarar zama a ko ƙasa da 50% DoD don mafi kyawun rayuwa. Fitar da ya wuce wannan bakin kofa kuma kuna haɗarin lalata sulfation na dindindin ga faranti.
Batir mai gubar{0}acid da aka ƙididdigewa na 200{6}} 300 kewayon a kashi 50% na DoD zai sadar da ƙananan kekuna idan ana fitarwa akai-akai zuwa 80%. Lalacewar grid, raguwar kayan aiki, da haɓakar faranti mai kyau suna haɓaka da sauri tare da zurfafa zurfafawa. Zazzabi yana haɗa wannan batu - batura masu aiki sama da digiri 30 har ma da sauri lokacin da aka cire su sosai.
Lithium -Batir ion
Fasahar Lithium{0}ion tana ba da mafi kyawun jurewar DoD. Batir lithium na zamani{2} ion suna goyan bayan 80{4}}100% DoD, tare da yawancin tsare-tsare masu inganci da aka ƙididdige su don cikakken zagayowar fitarwa.
Amfanin yana iya ƙididdigewa. Inda baturin gubar -mai amfani da kashi 50% yana buƙatar sau biyu madaidaicin ƙarfin aiki don saduwa da buƙatun makamashi, baturin lithium{3} ion mai 80-100% DoD yana ba da cikakken ƙarfin ƙimarsa azaman makamashi mai amfani.
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)
Batura LiFePO4 suna wakiltar koli na aikin DoD na yanzu. Yayin da fasaha ke iya 100% DoD, yawancin masana'antun suna ba da shawarar iyakance fitarwa zuwa 80-90% don haɓaka rayuwar sake zagayowar.
Bambanci a aikace yana da yawa. Batura LiFePO4 na iya isar da zagayawa 5,{3}} a kashi 80% na DoD. A 100% DoD, sinadarai na baturi iri ɗaya yana raguwa zuwa kusan 2,000{14}} 3,000 cycles. Ta hanyar aiki a 10% DoD, rayuwar sake zagayowar na iya wuce zagayowar 14,000 - yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin zurfin fitarwa da tsawon rai.
Bincike akan LiFePO4 donBatirin Wutaaikace-aikacen yana nuna waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna kula da kyakkyawan iyawa koda a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai buƙata. Lokacin da aka iyakance DoD zuwa 10-70%, batura suna raguwa da hankali fiye da waɗanda aka yi keke daga 0-100%, tare da riƙe ƙarfin ƙarfin har ma a digiri 60.
Muhimman Tasirin DoD akan Rayuwar Cycle
Rayuwar zagayowar - adadin caji{1}}zargin fitar da baturi zai iya ɗauka kafin ƙarfin ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 80% na asali - yana da alaƙar juzu'i da DoD. Zurfafa zurfafawa yana nufin ƙarancin jimlar zagayowar, amma dangantakar ba ta layi ba ce.
Lissafin Lalacewa
Lalacewar baturi ya biyo bayan abin da masu bincike suka kira ka'idar "canjin karfin". Baturin da ke hawan keke a 100% DoD zai iya sadar da hawan keke 300-500. Wannan baturi ɗaya a 50% DoD zai iya cimma zagayowar 1,000-1,500. A 20% DoD, ƙidayar sake zagayowar na iya kaiwa 2,000-5,000 dangane da sinadarai.
Jimillar zagayowar makamashin - da aka ninka ta hanyar DoD - ya kasance kusan akai-akai tsakanin ma'auni na aiki. Wannan yana nufin baturin da ke isar da zagayowar 500 a 100% DoD yana samar da kusan jimlar kuzarin rayuwa ɗaya kamar wanda ke isar da hawan keke 2,000 a 25% DoD.
Don baturan lithium{0} musamman, bayanai suna nuna ci gaba mai ban mamaki tare da fitar da wani bangare. Tantanin halitta na cobalt - tushen lithium{3}} na iya cimma:
Zagaye 300-500 a 100% DoD
1,200-1,500 hawan keke a 80% DoD
Zagaye 2,000-2,500 a 50% DoD
4,000-6,000 zagayowar a 25% DoD
15, 000+ zagayawa a 10% DoD
Meyasa Zurfin Yafi Muhimmanci
Damuwar da ke haifar da zurfafa hawan zagayawa yana shafar hanyoyin lalata da yawa a lokaci guda. Yayin da DoD ke ƙaruwa, juriya na ciki ya tashi, na'urorin lantarki suna fuskantar matsanancin damuwa na inji daga fadadawa da raguwa, kuma halayen sinadarai suna haɓaka.
Don NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) Kwayoyin baturi masu ƙarfi da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki, bincike yana nuna faɗin tazarar tazarar abubuwan fiye da cikakken iyakoki. Yin keke tsakanin 10-70% DoD yana haifar da ƙarancin lalacewa fiye da hawan keke daga 0-100%, kodayake duka suna wakiltar jeri na fitarwa 60%.
Abin sha'awa, don LFP da kuma NCM sunadarai, tasirin DoD yana bayyana ƙasa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da zafin jiki da mitar zagayowar, yana ba da ƙarin sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin sarrafa fitarwa.
Dabarun Gudanarwa na DoD
Gudanar da DoD yadda ya kamata yana buƙatar tsarin fasaha da horo na aiki. Manufar ita ce daidaita ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi akan tsawon rai da farashi.
Haɗin Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi
Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi na Zamani (BMS) yana sarrafa DoD ta rayayye ta hanyar ingantattun algorithms. Waɗannan tsarin suna ci gaba da lura da wutar lantarki ta salula, halin yanzu, zafin jiki, da ƙididdiga na SoC don hana wuce gona da iri.
BMS yana hana lalacewa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
Kulawar wutar lantarki yana kama sel da ke gabatowa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki
Haɗin kai na yanzu (ƙididdige coulomb) yana bibiyar kwararar kuzari tare da madaidaicin madaidaici
Masu tace Kalman suna haɗa ƙarfin lantarki da bayanan yanzu don ingantacciyar ƙimar SoC
Cutoff controls cire haɗin lodi lokacin da aka kai iyakar DoD
Don aikace-aikacen Batirin Wuta a cikin motocin lantarki, BMS yawanci yana taƙaita kewayon da ake amfani dashi zuwa 10-90% SoC (80% DoD) don kare sel. Wannan yanki mai ɗaukar hoto yana tabbatar da cewa sel ba su taɓa isa ga ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda zai haifar da lalacewa mara jurewa.
Aikace-aikacen -Takamaiman La'akari
Abubuwan amfani daban-daban suna buƙatar dabarun DoD daban-daban:
Adana Makamashin Rana:Tsarin yawanci girman bankunan baturi don iyakance DoD yau da kullun zuwa 20-30%, tare da matsakaicin lokaci na DoD na 50-60%. Wannan tsarin ra'ayin mazan jiya yana haɓaka tsawon shekaru 20 da ake tsammanin daga waɗannan abubuwan shigarwa. Babban bankin baturi yana da niyya fiye da bukatun makamashi na yau da kullun.
Motocin Lantarki:EVs na zamani suna sarrafa ma'auni mai laushi. Kewayon 0-100% da aka nuna yawanci yana wakiltar 10-90% na ainihin ƙarfin tantanin halitta. Wannan 80% DoD mai amfani yana kare baturi yayin samar da kewayon aiki. Wasu masana'antun, musamman waɗanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin LFP, suna ba da izinin caji na yau da kullun don nunawa 100% saboda tushen sunadarai ya fi haƙuri.
Robots ta Waya da AGVs:Waɗannan tsarin suna ba da fifikon lokacin aiki. BMS yana hari 20-80% SoC (60% DoD) don ayyuka na yau da kullun, tare da zurfafa fitarwa da aka ba da izini kawai yayin ayyukan mishan. Madaidaicin bin diddigin SoC yana bawa robots damar komawa tashoshi masu caji kafin su kai ga matakai masu mahimmanci.
Grid{0}}Ajiye Sikeli:Manyan BESS (Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi na Batir) galibi suna aiki a cikin kunkuntar kewayon DoD (30-50%) don haɓaka ƙidayar zagayowar sama da shekaru 10-15 na aiki. Tattalin Arziki yana fifita tsawon rai akan fitar da matsakaicin iya aiki a kowane zagaye.
Mafi kyawun jeri na DoD ta Aikace-aikace
Bincike da bayanan filin sun kafa jagororin aiki:
Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Masu Amfani:20-80% SoC (60% DoD) yana haɓaka ma'auni mai amfani tsakanin iya aiki da tsawon rayuwa
Motocin Lantarki:10-90% SoC (80% DoD) yana ba da isasshen kewayon yayin tabbatar da rayuwar batir na shekara 8-10
Ma'ajiyar Rana:20-50% DoD kullum tare da zurfafa hawan keke na lokaci-lokaci don ajiyar yanayi
Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu:30-70% DoD don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar zagayowar 5,{2}}
Ajiyayyen Gaggawa:Ana kiyaye shi a 90-100% SoC (ƙananan DoD) har sai an buƙata, sannan a fitar dashi kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Zazzabi da DoD: Tasirin Haɗuwa
Zazzabi ba kawai yana shafar aikin baturi ba - yana canza ainihin DoD{1} zuwa{2}}zagawar{3}} dangantakar rayuwa. Maɗaukakin yanayin zafi yana haɓaka ɓarna a kowane DoD, amma tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da gaske tare da zurfafa zurfafawa.
Bayanai sun nuna cewa baturin lithium{0} ion da aka adana a digiri 25 yana rasa ƙaramin ƙarfi akan lokaci. A 40 digiri , iya aiki hasara accelerates da wani factor na 4-6x. Lokacin da kuka ƙara zagayowar fitarwa mai zurfi (80-100% DoD) a matsanancin zafin jiki, lalatawa na iya zama 10-15x cikin sauri fiye da ƙananan hawan keke a matsakaicin zafin jiki.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tsarin kula da zafin jiki a cikin motocin lantarki suna sanyaya batir a rayayye yayin caji mai sauri da abubuwan fitarwa masu nauyi. Manufar ba kawai don sarrafa zafin jiki nan take ba - shine don hana ɓarnawar lalacewa da ke faruwa lokacin da babban DoD da babban zafin jiki suka yi daidai.
Don aikace-aikacen ajiya na tsaye, kiyaye batura a cikin kewayon digiri 15-25 yayin iyakance DoD zuwa 50-60% na iya tsawaita rayuwar aiki daga zagayowar 5,000 zuwa zagayowar 10,000+ - yadda ya kamata ya ninka tsawon rayuwar tsarin.
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zaɓin DoD
Lissafin kuɗi a kusa da DoD ya ƙunshi farashi na gaba tare da ƙimar rayuwa. Tsarin baturi mai girman 50% DoD farashin sau biyu a gaba kamar girman girman 100% DoD don sadar da ƙarfin aiki iri ɗaya. Amma tsarin 50% DoD zai yuwu ya wuce 3-4x.
Ga ingantaccen misalin tattalin arziki:
Halin A:100 kWh ƙididdiga iya aiki, 100% DoD an yarda
Yawan aiki: 100 kWh
Rayuwar zagayowar: zagaye 2,000
Ƙarfin rayuwa: 200,000 kWh
Farashin: $50,000
Farashin kowace kWh da ake tuka keke: $0.25
Halin B:200 kWh rated iya aiki, 50% DoD iyaka
Yawan aiki: 100 kWh (daya)
Rayuwar zagayowar: kewayawa 5,000
Ƙarfin rayuwa: 500,000 kWh
Farashin: $100,000
Farashin kowace kWh da ake tuka keke: $0.20
Hanyar 50% DoD ta biya sau biyu a farko amma tana ba da 20% ƙananan farashi a kowace naúrar makamashi a tsawon rayuwar tsarin. Wannan lissafin yana ƙara haɓakawa yayin da ake ƙididdige ƙimar canji, raguwar lokaci, da kiyayewa.
Don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, lissafin dawowa ya dogara sosai akan sake zagayowar aiki. Babban hawan keke{1} (yawan hawan keke kowace rana) yana ba da fifiko ga iyakoki na DoD masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Aikace-aikace tare da keken keke na yau da kullun na iya jure zurfafa zurfafawa ba tare da gagarumin hukuncin tattalin arziki ba.
Gaskiyar -Bayanan Ayyukan DoD na Duniya
Bayanan filin daga tsarin da aka tura yana ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen hasashen dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wani binciken da aka yi na batir abin hawa na lantarki ya nuna cewa direbobi suna yin caji akai-akai zuwa 100% kuma suna fitarwa a ƙasa da 20% (80%+ DoD) sun sami 15-20% saurin lalata iya aiki fiye da waɗanda ke riƙe 20-80% cajin windows (60% DoD).
Wuraren ajiya na hasken rana yana nuna irin wannan tsari. Tsarukan da aka tsara don 30% na DoD na yau da kullun sun kai matsakaicin hawan keke 7,500 kafin su kai ƙarfin 80%, yayin da waɗanda ke hawan keke a kai a kai zuwa kashi 60% na DoD sun kai madaidaicin raguwar zagayowar 4,200 - kusan daidai daidai da rabon 2:1 da aka annabta.
Abin sha'awa, ainihin bayanan duniya{0} yana bayyana cewa zurfafa zurfafa lokaci-lokaci yana haifar da ƙasa da lahani fiye da hawan keke na yau da kullun. Tsarin baturi wanda ke aiki a 30% DoD 90% na lokaci amma lokaci-lokaci yana fitarwa zuwa 80% DoD yana kiyaye rayuwar zagayowar kusa da 30% DoD tushe. Wannan yana nuna batura na iya jure wa abubuwan damuwa na lokaci-lokaci muddin aiki na yau da kullun ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Dabarun Haɓaka DoD na ci gaba
Dabarun sarrafa baturi na yau da kullun suna motsawa sama da iyakoki na DoD zuwa ga ingantawa mai ƙarfi dangane da abubuwa da yawa.
Gudanar da DoD mai daidaitawa
Ayyukan BMS na zamani suna daidaita DoD mai izini dangane da shekarun baturi da lafiya. Wani sabon baturi na iya ba da izinin 80% DoD, amma kamar yadda Jihar Lafiya (SoH) ta ƙi zuwa 90%, tsarin ta atomatik yana ƙuntata DoD zuwa 70% don kiyaye rayuwar sake zagayowar karɓa a duk tsawon lokacin aiki.
Wannan tsarin daidaitawa yana haɓaka ƙarfin rayuwa da wuri{0} yayin da ake sarrafa tsufa cikin alheri, yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa mai amfani da kashi 20-30% idan aka kwatanta da ƙayyadaddun dabarun DoD.
Haɓaka Window na Caji
Bincike ya nuna cewa matsayin taga fitarwa yana da mahimmanci kamar fadinsa. Yin keke a tsakiyar - (40-60% SoC, ko 20% DoD da ke tsakiya akan cajin 50%) yana haifar da ƙarancin damuwa fiye da hawan keke a madaidaici, har ma a daidai DoD.
Misali:
Keke 80-100% SoC zuwa 0-20% SoC (80% DoD): Damuwa mai girma
Keke 90-50% SoC zuwa 10-50% SoC (80% DoD, a tsakiya a 50%): Ƙananan damuwa
Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙwayoyin lithium{0} ion suna fuskantar matsala mafi girma da ƙananan matakan SoC. Yin aiki a cikin kwanciyar hankali na tsakiya yana rage damuwa na inji akan wayoyin lantarki kuma yana rage halayen gefen da ba'a so.
Jadawalin Hasashen DoD
Grid{0}}Tsarin da aka haɗa tare da tsarin buƙatu da ake iya tsinkaya na iya daidaita iyakokin DoD da gangan. Idan Algorithms sun yi hasashen kwanaki uku a jere na buƙatar fitarwa mai yawa, tsarin zai iya taƙaita DoD a kwanakin da suka gabata don adana rayuwar zagayowar don babban lokacin damuwa a gaba.
Samfuran koyon injin suna nazarin tsarin tarihi, hasashen yanayi, da siginonin grid don inganta ciniki{0}}ashe tsakanin isar da makamashi da adanar baturi cikin ainihin lokaci{1}.
DoD Aunawa da Kulawa
Madaidaicin ƙayyadaddun DoD yana buƙatar madaidaicin ƙimar SoC - ita kanta matsala mai ƙalubale. Akwai hanyoyin farko guda uku:
Voltage -Tallafin Ƙimar
Wutar lantarki yana daidaitawa da SoC, yana ba da damar ma'aunin wutar lantarki don kimanta matakin caji. Duk da haka, wannan dangantakar ba ta dogara da - na kai tsaye da kuma ilmin sunadarai{2}}. Batura LiFePO4 suna kula da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki a tsakanin 10-90% SoC, yana sanya ƙarfin lantarki shi kaɗai bai isa ba don ingantaccen ƙudurin DoD a cikin wannan sinadari.
Hanyoyin wutar lantarki -Hanyoyin tushen aiki suna aiki mafi kyau a matuƙar (cikakke sosai ko kuma babu komai) inda wutar lantarki ke canzawa sosai a kowace juzu'in canjin iya aiki.
Ƙididdigar Coulomb
Haɗa kwararar halin yanzu akan lokaci yana ba da ma'aunin cajin kai tsaye. Idan baturi ya fara a 100% SoC kuma yana ba da 30 Ah, kun san batirin 30 Ah ya cika.
Kalubalen kuskure ne da aka tara. Ƙananan kuskuren auna sun haɗu sama da dubban zagayowar. gyare-gyare na lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar cikakken caji/zarge zagayowar ko ƙarfin lantarki{2}} gyare-gyare na tushen yana hana zazzagewa.
Samfurin -Tallafin Ƙimar
Algorithms na ci gaba sun haɗu da ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, zafin jiki, da ƙirar baturi don kimanta SoC da ƙarfi. Kalman tacewa da makamantansu dabaru suna haɗa tushen bayanai da yawa, suna ci gaba da tace ƙididdiga yayin da sabbin ma'aunai suka isa.
Waɗannan hanyoyin suna cimma daidaiton ±2{1}3% a cikin aiki na ainihi, suna ba da damar sarrafa madaidaicin DoD har ma a cikin buƙatar aikace-aikace tare da nauyin nauyi da yanayin zafi.
Matsalolin DoD gama gari
Imani da yawa game da DoD ba sa tsayawa ƙarƙashin bincike:
"Batura lithium suna buƙatar cikakken zagayawa na lokaci-lokaci"- Karya. Ba kamar nickel - tushen batura, lithium{3}} sel ba su da tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Cikakken zagayowar fitarwa yana ƙara damuwa ba tare da fa'ida ba. Sake daidaita ma'aunin mai na lokaci-lokaci na iya buƙatar cikakken zagayowar, amma baturin kanta baya buƙatarsa.
"Mafi girma DoD ko da yaushe yana nufin mafi kyawun ƙima"- Ba lallai ba ne. Yayin da ake fitar da ƙarin iya aiki a kowane zagayowar da alama yana da inganci, saurin lalacewa yakan hana fa'ida. DoD mafi kyawun tattalin arziƙin ya dogara da mitar zagayowar, farashin canji, da buƙatun aiki.
"Duk batura na sunadarai iri ɗaya suna da halayen DoD iri ɗaya"- Karya. Ingancin masana'anta, ƙirar tantanin halitta, da ƙirar lantarki suna haifar da ƙwaƙƙwaran bambance-bambance ko da a cikin nau'in sinadarai guda ɗaya. Koyaushe yin la'akari da ƙayyadaddun masana'anta maimakon jigon sinadarai.
"DoD kawai yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar sake zagayowar"- Ba daidai ba. Zurfafa zurfafawa yana rinjayar aminci, ƙarfin kuzari, ƙarfin isar da wutar lantarki, da tsufa na kalanda. Baturin da aka maimaita akai-akai zuwa 100% DoD na iya haɓaka gajerun wando na ciki ko al'amuran zafi daban da sauƙaƙan zagayowar - ƙidaya lalacewa.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene bambanci tsakanin DoD da SoC?
DoD da SoC sune ma'auni na lissafi. DoD yana auna yawan ƙarfin da kuka yi amfani da shi (tanki marar amfani), yayin da SoC ke auna nawa ya rage (ma'aunin man fetur). Kullum suna tarawa zuwa 100%. Baturi a 70% SoC yana da DoD na 30%.
Zan iya a amince da sallamar baturi na zuwa 100% DoD?
Ya dogara da sinadarai na baturi da ƙayyadaddun masana'anta. Batirin LiFePO4 na zamani na iya ɗaukar 100% DoD, kodayake iyakance zuwa 80-90% yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa. Batirin gubar - bai kamata ya wuce kashi 50% na DoD ba. Kwayoyin lithium-ion sun bambanta amma yawanci suna jure wa 80-100% DoD. Koyaushe tuntuɓi takamaiman takaddun bayanan samfurin.
Ta yaya DoD ke shafar aikin Batirin Wuta a cikin motocin lantarki?
Motocin lantarki suna amfani da ingantattun tsarin BMS don sarrafa DoD a cikin amintattun jeri (yawanci 10-90% na ainihin ƙarfin tantanin halitta). Cajin "100%" da aka nuna yawanci yana wakiltar kusan 90% na iya aiki na gaskiya, yana kare baturi daga duka matsananciyar yanayin SoC da ƙananan. Wannan tsarin kula da DoD yana ba da damar hawan keke 1,500-2,000 a tsawon rayuwar abin hawa, daidai da mil 150,000-300,000 na tuƙi dangane da girman baturi da tsarin tuƙi.
Shin DoD yana da mahimmanci ga batura a ajiya?
Haka ne, amma daban. Batura a cikin ajiya ba tare da hawan keke ya kamata a kiyaye su a 40-60% SoC (ƙananan DoD daga matsakaicin caji) don rage yawan tsufa na kalanda. Cikakken caji (0% DoD) da cikakken fitarwa (100% DoD) duka suna haɓaka asarar iya aiki yayin ajiya, musamman a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.
