Gudanar da daidaita tsarin baturi mai ƙarfi
Don daidaita iya aiki da bambance-bambancen kuzari tsakanin sel guda ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturi da haɓaka ƙimar amfani da kuzari na fakitin baturi, ana buƙatar da'irar daidaitawa yayin aiwatar da caji da caji. Dangane da yadda da'ira ke cinye kuzari yayin aikin daidaitawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa manyan rukunai biyu: nau'in ɓarkewar makamashi da nau'in ɓarkewar makamashi. Nau'in ɓarna makamashi yana watsar da wuce gona da iri a matsayin zafi, yayin da kuzarin da ba - nau'in ɓarna yana canjawa ko canza kuzarin wuce gona da iri zuwa wasu batura.
Rushewar makamashi{0}}nau'in sarrafa ma'auni
Rushewar makamashi -nau'in da'irar daidaitawa suna samun daidaito ta hanyar rufe cajin halin yanzu ta hanyar juzu'i masu kama da juna a cikin sel baturi ɗaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 8-12. Wannan tsarin da'irar abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma ana kammala aikin daidaitawa gabaɗaya yayin caji. Duk da haka, ba zai iya cika ƙarfin ƙananan sel guda ɗaya-, yana haifar da sharar makamashi da ƙarin nauyi akan tsarin sarrafa zafi. Nau'in na'urorin lantarki na lalata makamashi gabaɗaya sun faɗi kashi biyu:
Rashin kuzari{0}}nau'in na'urorin lantarki gabaɗaya sun faɗi cikin rukuni biyu: Na farko, da'irar caji mai daidaita shunt resistor akai-akai, inda koyaushe ana haɗa shunt resistor daidai da kowace tantanin baturi. Wannan hanyar tana da ƙayyadaddun dogaro da babban ƙimar shunt resistor, yana rage bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki ɗaya ɗaya saboda fitar da kai{2}} ta tsayayyen shunt. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa shunt resistor kullum yana cin wuta yayin caji da fitarwa, yana haifar da asarar makamashi mai mahimmanci; gabaɗaya ya dace da aikace-aikace inda za'a iya cika kuzari da sauri.
Na biyu, da'irar caji mai daidaitawa ta shunt resistor - sarrafa shunt resistor, inda ake sarrafa shunt resistor ta hanyar canji. A lokacin caji, lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi ɗaya ya kai ƙarfin yanke wuta, na'urar daidaitawa tana hana wuce kima kuma tana canza kuzarin wuce gona da iri zuwa zafi. Wannan da'irar daidaitawa tana aiki yayin caji kuma tana iya rufe halin yanzu zuwa sel ɗaya tare da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki yayin caji. Rashin hasara shi ne saboda ƙarancin lokacin daidaitawa, babban adadin zafin da ake samu yayin shunt yana buƙatar ɓata lokaci ta hanyar tsarin kula da yanayin zafi, wanda aka fi sani da fakitin baturi tare da manyan ayyuka.
Misali, a cikin fakitin baturi 10Ah, bambancin ƙarfin lantarki na 100mV zai iya haifar da bambancin ƙarfin sama da 500mAh. Idan lokacin daidaitawa shine sa'o'i 2, shunt halin yanzu shine 250mA, juriya na shunt kusan 14Ω, kuma zafin da aka samar shine kusan 2Wh.
Non{0}} sarrafa daidaita nau'in ɓarna makamashi
Waɗanda ba za su iya kashe wutar lantarki ba - da'irori ba su da ƙarfi fiye da na'urorin da suke kashe kuzari, amma tsarin da'irar su yana da ɗan rikitarwa. Ana iya raba su zuwa nau'i biyu: daidaita canjin makamashi da daidaita canjin makamashi.
Daidaita Canjin Makamashi
Daidaita canjin makamashi yana amfani da siginoni masu sauyawa don ko dai sake cika kuzarin sel guda ɗaya daga fakitin baturi gabaɗaya ko canza kuzarin sel guda ɗaya zuwa fakitin baturi gabaɗaya. Juyawa daga makamashin tantanin halitta ɗaya zuwa ƙarfin gabaɗayan yana faruwa yawanci yayin aiwatar da cajin fakitin baturi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 8-13. Wannan kewayawa tana gano ƙarfin kowane tantanin halitta; lokacin da wutar lantarki ta tantanin halitta ɗaya ya kai wani ƙima, tsarin daidaitawa zai fara aiki. Yana karkatar da cajin halin yanzu a cikin tantanin halitta ɗaya don rage ƙarfin cajin, kuma ana juyar da wutar lantarki ta tsarin kuma a mayar da shi zuwa bas ɗin caji, yana samun daidaitawa. Wasu hanyoyin daidaita ma'aunin makamashi kuma na iya amfani da inductor masu motsi don kammala canjin makamashi daga sel ɗaya zuwa fakitin baturi.
Ana nuna kewaye don canza ƙarfin fakitin baturi zuwa sel guda ɗaya a cikin hoto na 8-14. Wannan hanya kuma ana kiranta ƙarin daidaitawa. Yayin aiwatar da caji, babban tsarin caji yana fara cajin fakitin baturi, yayin da wutar lantarki ta gano kowane tantanin halitta. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na kowane tantanin halitta ya yi girma, babban wurin cajin yana kashewa, sannan ƙarin ma'aunin cajin caji ya fara cajin fakitin baturi. Ta hanyar ingantacciyar ƙira, ana amfani da wutar lantarkin caji a cikin ma'aunin daidaitawa ga kowane tantanin halitta ta hanyar mai canza DC/DC mai zaman kanta da na'urar wuta ta coaxial, yana ƙara juzu'i na biyu iri ɗaya. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa sel masu ƙarfin lantarki suna karɓar ƙarancin kuzari daga kewayen cajin taimako, yayin da sel masu ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki suna karɓar ƙarin kuzari, don haka samun daidaito. Matsalar wannan hanya ita ce sarrafa daidaito na iska na biyu yana da wuyar gaske. Ko da juyi iri ɗaya, idan aka yi la'akari da inductance na yayyan wutan lantarki da inductance tsakanin juna tsakanin windings na biyu, ɗaiɗaikun sel guda ɗaya ba za su sami ƙarfin caji iri ɗaya ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, coaxial coil shima yana ɗan ɗanɗana makamashi, kuma wannan hanyar daidaitawa kawai tana magance cajin rashin daidaituwa, rashin magance rashin daidaituwa a cikin yanayin fitarwa.
Daidaita Canja wurin Makamashi
Matsakaicin canja wurin makamashi yana amfani da abubuwan ajiyar makamashi kamar inductor ko capacitors don canja wurin caji daga babban{0}}ƙaramar sel guda ɗaya zuwa ƙasa{1}}wayoyin ƙarfi a cikin fakitin baturi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 8{3}}15. Wannan da'irar tana tura kuzari tsakanin sel masu kusa ta hanyar canza capacitors, matsar da caji daga babban -ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa ƙananan sel don cimma daidaito. A madadin, ana iya samun canjin makamashi na bi-directional tsakanin sel maƙwabta ta amfani da ma'ajin kuzari. Wannan da'irar tana da ƙarancin asarar kuzari, amma tana buƙatar canja wuri da yawa yayin daidaitawa, yana haifar da dogon lokacin daidaitawa da kuma sanya ta rashin dacewa ga fakitin baturi mai yawa{9}}. Ingantacciyar hanyar daidaita ma'auni na iya ƙara saurin daidaitawa ta zaɓi mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin kowane sel don canja wurin makamashi. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun makamashi da aiwatar da da'irar sauyawa a cikin daidaitawar canjin makamashi suna da wahala.
Bayan hanyoyin daidaitawa na sama, ana kuma iya amfani da cajin datti don cimma daidaiton baturi yayin aikace-aikacen caji. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi kuma tana buƙatar babu kayan aikin taimakon waje. Ya ƙunshi ci gaba da yin cajin jerin - haɗe da fakitin baturi tare da ƙaramin halin yanzu. Saboda cajin halin yanzu yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, yin caji ba shi da ɗan tasiri akan cikakken cajin baturi. Tun da cikakken cajin baturi ba zai iya juyar da ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa makamashin sinadarai ba, za a canza ƙarfin da ya wuce kima zuwa zafi. Batura waɗanda basu cika caji ba, zasu iya ci gaba da karɓar makamashin lantarki har sai sun kai ga cikar caji. Ta wannan hanyar, bayan ɗan lokaci mai tsawo, duk batura za su kai ga cikar caji, don haka samun daidaiton iya aiki. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar tsayin tsayin daidaitaccen lokacin caji kuma tana cinye adadin kuzari mai yawa don cimma daidaito. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanyar ba ta da tasiri wajen sarrafa daidaiton fitarwa.
Matsaloli a cikin Application
Matsalolin daidaita baturi masu wanzuwa suna ƙayyade ƙarfin baturi bisa la'akari da ƙarfin lantarki na fakitin baturi{0}}hanyar daidaita ma'auni{1}. Don cimma daidaiton fakitin baturi, babban daidaito da daidaito a gano ƙarfin lantarki suna da mahimmanci. Yayyo halin yanzu a cikin da'irar gano wutar lantarki kai tsaye yana tasiri daidaitattun fakitin baturi. Don haka, zayyana da'irar gano wutar lantarki mai sauƙi da inganci babban ƙalubale ne don daidaita da'irori. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin lantarki ba shine kawai ma'aunin ƙarfin baturi ba. Juriya na ciki da juriyar lamba a hanyar haɗin kuma suna haifar da bambance-bambancen ƙarfin lantarki. Don haka, dogaro da wutar lantarki kawai don daidaitawa na iya haifar da wuce gona da iri da ɓarna makamashi. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, yana iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin fakitin baturi, duk da daidaita ƙarfin farko.
Wuraren watsar da makamashi suna da sauƙi a cikin tsari, amma masu tsayayyar daidaitawa suna cinye makamashi yayin shunting na yanzu kuma suna haifar da zafi, suna haifar da al'amurran gudanarwa na thermal. Tunda da gaske suna iyakance maɗaukaki ko ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin ɗaiɗaikun sel ta hanyar lalata makamashi, sun dace kawai don daidaitawa a tsaye. Hawan zafin su na - yana rage amincin tsarin, yana mai da su rashin dacewa da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan hanyar ta dace da ƙanana ko ƙarami kawai{4}} fakitin baturi.
Da'irar canja wurin makamashi hanya ce ta diyya ta ƙarfin baturi, inda mafi girma{0}}batir yana ba da gudummawar ɗan kuzari don rama ƙaramin ƙarfin baturi. Duk da yake mai yuwuwa, wannan hanyar tana da rikitarwa, mai girma, kuma mai tsada saboda buƙatar sa ido kan ƙarfin lantarki na sel guda ɗaya a ainihin kewaye. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana samun canjin makamashi ta hanyar ajiyar makamashi, wanda ke gabatar da abubuwan amfani da makamashi da sarrafawa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar daidaita gabaɗaya a matsakaici zuwa manyan fakitin baturi.
Na'urorin canza makamashi, a gefe guda, suna amfani da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa don cimma canjin makamashi. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin canja wurin makamashi, ba su da wahala sosai kuma ba su da tsada. Duk da haka, don coaxial coils, bambancin tsayi da siffofi na wayoyi masu haɗa iska zuwa kowane tantanin halitta suna haifar da nau'o'in canji daban-daban, yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na kowane tantanin halitta kuma yana haifar da daidaitawa kurakurai. Bugu da ƙari, coaxial coil da kanta tana cin makamashi saboda yatsuwar lantarki da sauran batutuwa.
