Menene Tsarin Gudanar da Thermal?
Tsarin Gudanar da thermal
Gudanar da yanayin zafi na baturi, dangane da tasirin zafin jiki akan aikin baturi, haɗe tare da halayen lantarki na baturi da hanyoyin samar da zafi, kuma an kafa shi a cikin mafi kyawun caji / fitar da zazzabi na takamaiman baturi, fasaha ce da ke magance ɓarnar zafi ko guduwar zafi wanda ya haifar da matsanancin zafi ko ƙarancin zafi yayin aikin baturi. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar ƙira mai ma'ana kuma an kafa shi a cikin kimiyyar kayan aiki, kimiyyar lantarki, canja wurin zafi, haɓakar kwayoyin halitta, da sauran fannonin ilimi. Tsayawa madaidaicin kewayon zafin aiki yana da mahimmanci don fakitin baturi don kiyaye kyakkyawan aiki. Don haka, ƙirƙira ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa zafi don fakitin batirin lithium{3} ion yana da ma'ana mai girma don haɓaka aikin tsarin baturi gaba ɗaya.
Tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki na fakitin baturi yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyar masu zuwa: ① daidaitaccen ma'auni da saka idanu akan zafin baturi; ② tasirin zafi mai tasiri da samun iska lokacin da fakitin baturi ya yi yawa; ③ saurin dumama a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayi{0}; ④ ingantaccen samun iska lokacin da aka haifar da iskar gas mai cutarwa; da ⑤ tabbatar da rarraba yanayin zafi iri ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturi.
Tsari Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsaren Batirin
Babban tsarin gudanarwa na fakitin baturi mai girma{0} yana buƙatar tsarin ƙira na tsari. A halin yanzu, yawancin hanyoyin ƙira don tsarin kula da zafi suna wanzu. Mafi yawan amfani da shi shine tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Ƙasa (NREL) ta tsara a Amurka, wanda tsarin ƙirarsa ya ƙunshi matakai bakwai:
1) Ƙayyade girman kai{1} da buƙatun tsarin sarrafa zafi. Dangane da halayen zafin baturin da kewayon zafin aiki mai dacewa, ƙayyade ikon sarrafa kansa{3}} na tsarin sarrafa zafi. Misali, madaidaicin zafin aiki don batirin lithium{5} ion shine digiri 10 ~ 40 , tare da ƙaramin -madaidaicin iyakar 0 digiri da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin digiri 45. Don haka, ƙirar tsarin kula da yanayin zafi ya kamata, yayin saduwa da matsanancin yanayin yanayin batirin, yin ƙoƙari don biyan buƙatun yanayin zafin batirin da ya dace.
2) Auna ko kimanta ƙirar ƙirar zafi da ƙarfin zafi. Ta hanyar cajin baturi - gwaje-gwajen fitarwa da ƙididdige ƙididdigewa bisa ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin zafi na baturi, ƙayyade zafin zafi ko ƙarfin dumama.
3) Ƙimar farko na tsarin kula da thermal, ciki har da zaɓar matsakaicin matsakaicin zafi da kuma tsara tsarin zubar da zafi. Gabaɗaya, ana samun sanyaya baturi ta hanyar sanyaya iska ko sanyaya ruwa. Tsarin sanyaya iska yana da sauƙi a cikin tsari amma ba shi da inganci; tsarin sanyaya ruwa yana da rikitarwa cikin tsari amma yana da inganci sosai. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin dumama daban-daban, kamar kewayar dumama iska mai zafi, dumama kwararar ruwa, da dumama hasken zafi kai tsaye daga tushen zafi.
4) Yi hasashen yanayin yanayin zafi na module da fakitin baturi. Dangane da yanayin aiki na fakitin baturi, tsinkaya da tantance ɓarkewar zafi da buƙatun dumama yayin aikace-aikacen.
5) Zane na farko na tsarin kula da thermal. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun matsakaicin zafi da sakamakon kimar yanayin zafi, gudanar da ka'ida da ƙirar injiniya na tsarin kula da thermal.
6) Zane da gwada tsarin kula da thermal. Ƙirƙirar tsarin batir masu ma'auni{2}}ƙasa ko cikakke{3}} da tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi, da kuma tabbatar da ingancin tsarin sarrafa zafi a ƙarƙashin ainihin yanayin aiki a kan benci na gwaji.
7) Inganta tsarin kula da thermal. Haɓaka da haɓaka tsarin sarrafa zafi bisa sakamakon gwaji.
Tsarin tsari da zaɓin ma'auni a cikin tsarin ƙira na tsarin kula da thermal
Lissafin Filin Zafin Baturi da Hasashen Zazzabi
Batura ba su da kyau conductors na zafi. Sanin kawai rarraba zafin jiki bai isa ba don fahimtar yanayin zafi na ciki na baturi. Ƙididdiga filin zafin jiki na ciki ta amfani da ƙirar lissafi da kuma hasashen yanayin zafin baturi mataki ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙira tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi. A halin yanzu, ƙirar lissafi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan girma biyu- da uku{4}. Daga cikin waɗannan, ƙira guda uku{6}, saboda ingantaccen daidaito da daidaitawa, an yi amfani da su sosai a yawancin tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi. Samfurin shine kamar haka:
Inda T shine zafin jiki;
ρ shine matsakaicin yawa;
c_p shine takamaiman ƙarfin zafi na baturi;
λ_x, λ_y, λ_z sune yanayin zafin baturi a cikin kwatance x, y, da z, bi da bi;
q shine adadin samar da zafi a kowace juzu'in raka'a.
Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare Tsare
Bambance-bambancen zafin jiki tsakanin nau'ikan baturi daban-daban a cikin akwatin baturin yana ƙara ƙara rashin daidaituwa a cikin juriya na ciki da ƙarfin baturi. A tsawon lokaci, wannan na iya haifar da yin caji fiye da kima ko wuce{1}}fitar da wasu batura, yana shafar rayuwar su da aikinsu, da haifar da haɗari. Bambance-bambancen zafin jiki tsakanin nau'ikan baturi a cikin akwatin baturi yana da alaƙa da tsarin fakitin baturi. Gabaɗaya, batura a tsakiya sunkan tara zafi, yayin da waɗanda ke gefuna ke da mafi kyawun zubar da zafi. Don haka, lokacin zayyana tsarin fakitin baturi da ɗumamar zafi, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da zubar da zafi iri ɗaya. Ɗaukar sanyin iska a matsayin misali, gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyin samun iska guda biyu: jeri da layi daya, don tabbatar da ɓarkewar zafi iri ɗaya. Zane-zanen iska dole ne ya bi ainihin ƙa'idodin injiniyoyin ruwa da kuma aerodynamics.
Zaɓin Magoya da Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Zazzabi
Lokacin zayyana tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi, nau'in da ƙarfin fan, adadin na'urori masu auna zafin jiki, da wurin ma'aunin dole ne a zaɓi a hankali.
Ɗaukar sanyin iska a matsayin misali, lokacin zayyana tsarin sanyaya, yayin da ake tabbatar da wani sakamako mai sanyaya, ya kamata a rage juriya na kwarara don rage hayaniyar fan da amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka inganta ingantaccen tsarin gaba ɗaya. Ana iya ƙididdige yawan wutar lantarki ta fan ɗin ta hanyar ƙididdige raguwar matsa lamba da ƙimar kwarara ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje, ƙididdige ƙididdiga, da hanyoyin kuzarin ruwa (CFD). Lokacin da juriya ya ragu, ana iya la'akari da magoya bayan axial; lokacin da juriya mai gudana ya yi girma, magoya bayan centrifugal sun fi dacewa. Tabbas, filin da fanfo ya mamaye da kuma farashinsa dole ne a yi la'akari da shi. Nemo mafi kyawun dabarun sarrafa fan shima ɗaya ne daga cikin ayyukan tsarin sarrafa zafi.
Rarraba yawan zafin jiki na fakitin baturi a cikin akwatin baturi gabaɗaya bai dace ba, don haka, yana da mahimmanci a san rarraba filin zafi na fakitin baturi a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban don tantance mahimman wuraren zafin jiki. Ƙarin na'urori masu auna zafin jiki suna ba da cikakkiyar ma'aunin zafin jiki, amma haɓaka farashin tsarin da rikitarwa. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun mahallin aikin injiniya, a ka'ida, bincike mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, infrared thermal imaging a cikin gwaje-gwaje, ko kuma na gaske -lokaci mai yawa{3}} ana iya amfani da sa ido kan zafin jiki don tantancewa da auna rarraba filin zafi na fakitin baturi, samfuran baturi, da sel guda ɗaya, ƙayyade adadin ma'aunin zafin jiki da samun maki masu dacewa a wurare daban-daban. Zane na gaba ɗaya yakamata ya tabbatar da cewa ba a fallasa na'urori masu auna zafin jiki don sanyaya iska don inganta daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na ma'aunin zafin jiki. Lokacin zayyana baturin, ya kamata a tanadi sarari don na'urori masu auna zafin jiki; alal misali, ana iya tsara wuraren buɗewa masu dacewa a wurare masu dacewa. Fakitin baturin motar lantarki na Toyota's Prius hybrid yana da sel guda 228, kuma ana yin sa ido kan zafin jiki ta hanyar firikwensin zafin jiki 5. Tsarin batirin bas ɗin bas ɗin lantarki wanda Cibiyar Fasaha ta Beijing ta tsara yana amfani da maki 6 na ma'aunin zafin jiki a kowane akwati (duba yankin da'irar a cikin hoto na 8-16a), wanda aka tsara a tashoshi masu kyau da mara kyau da wuraren fitar da layin wutar lantarki na akwatin baturi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 8-16.
Zane da Aiwatar da Tsarin Gudanar da thermal
Dangane da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafi, ana iya raba tsarin kula da fakitin baturi zuwa nau'i uku: sanyaya iska, sanyaya ruwa, da sanyaya kayan canjin lokaci. Yin la'akari da bincike na kayan aiki da haɓakawa da farashin masana'antu, mafi inganci da tsarin watsar da zafi a halin yanzu yana amfani da iska a matsayin matsakaicin zafi.
Dangane da tsarin zubar da zafi na iska, tsarin sanyaya iska za a iya kara rarraba zuwa nau'i biyu: jerin samun iska da iska mai kama da juna, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Figures 8-17 da 8-18, bi da bi.
A cikin jerin tsari, iska yawanci yana gudana daga wannan gefen fakitin baturi zuwa wancan don cire zafi. Duk da haka, wannan iska yana ɗaukar zafi daga wuraren da ya wuce ta farko zuwa wuraren da ya wuce daga baya, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa da yanayin zafi. A cikin daidaitaccen tsari, motsin iska tsakanin kayayyaki yana tashi a tsaye, yana rarraba iska daidai da kuma tabbatar da daidaitaccen ɓarkewar zafi a cikin fakitin baturi.
Za a iya rarraba tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki zuwa tsarin da ba a so da kuma aiki bisa ko suna da na'urori masu dumama ciki ko sanyaya. Tsarin m ba su da tsada kuma suna buƙatar kayan aiki mafi sauƙi; Tsarukan aiki sun fi rikitarwa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin ƙarfi, amma suna ba da kyakkyawan aiki.
Hoto na 8-19, 8-20, da 8-21 suna nuna zane-zane na tsarin dumama iska mai aiki da ƙwaƙƙwalwa da ɓarkewar zafi, bi da bi.
A cikin Figures 8-19 da 8-20, kodayake an sanyaya iska da dumama ta hanyar na'urar sanyaya iska ko na'urar dumama motar, har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin m. Tare da wannan tsarin m, saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin zafin jiki na yanayin da aka gabatar da shi, dole ne iska mai iska ta yi aiki a cikin wani nau'i na zafin jiki (10 ~ 35 digiri) don dacewa da kulawar thermal. Yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin sanyi ko zafi na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa mafi girma a cikin fakitin baturi.
A cikin tsarin dumama, baya ga shigar da iska mai zafi a cikin fakitin baturi, ana iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Figures 8-22 ~ 8-25 (don batir prismatic).
