Menene MPPT? {0} Polinovel

To ga wani abin ban dariya da ya faru a ranar Talatar da ta gabata. Ina shan kofi tare da Dave daga ƙungiyar masu siyar da mu (ka sani, mutumin da koyaushe yake yin korafi game da lokutan jagorar mai kaya), sai ya tambaye ni: "Mene ne duk waɗannan abubuwan MPPT ɗin da kuke ci gaba da yi a cikin tarukan R&D?"

Tambaya mai kyau, da gaske. Muna jefa waɗannan ƙasidu a kusa kamar confetti a wurin bikin aure, amma yawancin mutanen da ke waje da kumfa injiniya ba su da cikakkiyar ma'anar abin da muke magana akai.

MPPT tana nufin Matsakaicin Binciken Wutar Wuta. Kuma a'a, duk da abin da wasu ƙasidu na tallace-tallace suka sa ya yi kama da, ba wani akwatin baƙar fata na sihiri ba ne kawai "yana sa hasken rana ya fi kyau." A zahiri kyakkyawa ne madaidaiciya da zarar kun wuce sunan mai ban tsoro.

Dama, don haka hoton wannan. Kuna da hasken rana zaune akan rufin ku. Yana da alama mai sauƙi - hasken rana ya buge shi, wutar lantarki ya fito, an yi aiki. Sai dai ba shi da sauƙi haka, ko?

Solar panels abu ne mai ban mamaki. Ba kawai suna ba ku adadin iko akai-akai ba tare da la'akari da abin da kuke yi da su ba. Wutar lantarki da halin yanzu suna samar da canje-canje bisa ga irin nau'in da kuke haɗa su, kuma ga mai kunnawa: akwai takamaiman haɗin ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu guda ɗaya kawai inda zaku sami matsakaicin yuwuwar wutar lantarki daga wannan rukunin.

Muna kiran wannan Wurin Wuta Mafi Girma, ko MPP. Sunan kama, na sani.

Yanzu, wannan batu yana motsawa akai-akai. Cloud ya wuce sama? MPP yana motsawa. Canjin yanayin zafi? MPP yana motsawa. Panel ya ɗan yi kura? Kun yi tsammani, MPP yana motsawa. Yana kama da ƙoƙarin buga manufa mai motsi yayin da aka rufe ido.

Wannan shi ne abin da Sarah (mai tsara tsarin jagoranmu - mace mai haske, mummunan dandano a kofi) ya bayyana wa abokin ciniki a watan da ya gabata: "Ka yi tunanin kana ƙoƙarin cika guga da ruwa, amma matsa lamba na famfo yana ci gaba da canzawa, kuma kana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai yadda kake buɗe bawul ɗin don samun mafi kyawun gudu." Ba cikakke ba, amma ya sami ma'ana.

Kafin MPPT ta zama ma'auni - muna magana a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 a nan - yawancin kayan aikin hasken rana sun yi amfani da abin da muke kira masu kula da PWM. PWM yana nufin Modulation Width Pulse, wanda kawai hanya ce mai ban sha'awa ta cewa suna kunna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin panel ɗin ku da baturin ku da sauri don sarrafa caji.

Matsalar? Masu kula da PWM da gaske suna jan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na panel ɗin ku don dacewa da ƙarfin baturin ku. Don haka idan kuna da 36V solar panel da baturi 12V, kuna kawai ... jefar da wani babban ɗigon wutar lantarki. Yana kama da siyan motar motsa jiki kuma koyaushe ana tuƙa ta cikin kayan farko. Tabbas, yana aiki, amma menene ma'anar jini?

A zahiri har yanzu ina da ɗayan waɗannan tsoffin rukunin PWM da ke zaune a gareji na daga aikin da muka yi a baya a cikin 2009. Yana da kyaun takarda mai kyau yanzu.

MPPT

Mai sarrafa MPPT ya bambanta da gaske. Maimakon kawai zubar da wutar lantarki na panel ɗinku zuwa matakin baturi, yana amfani da mai canza DC{1}} DC (yi tunanin shi azaman akwatin kayan lantarki) don musanya wannan babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙarin halin yanzu a ƙaramin ƙarfin baturi.

Ga bit ɗin physics, amma na yi alƙawarin taƙaita shi: Power=Voltage × Na yanzu. Don haka idan kun sami 36V a 3A daga rukunin ku (108W), mai sarrafa MPPT zai iya canza hakan zuwa kusan 12V a 9A (kuma 108W, ban da wasu asara). Kuna samun iko DAYA, kawai ta wani nau'i na daban wanda baturin ku zai iya amfani da shi.

Amma jira, akwai ƙari! (Na kasance ina kallon bayanan labarai da yawa)

Mai sarrafa MPPT baya yin wannan jujjuya sau ɗaya kawai kuma ya kira shi a rana. Kullum yana auna fitowar kwamitin, yana tweaks nauyin da yake gabatarwa ga kwamitin, yana sake aunawa, kuma yana ci gaba da daidaitawa don nemo wannan wuri mai dadi - Madaidaicin Wutar Wuta - inda yake fitar da cikakken iko mai yiwuwa daga kwamitin ku a kowane lokaci.

Yana yin wannan rawa sau da dama a cikin daƙiƙa guda. Duk rana, kowace rana.

Yanzu a nan ne inda yake da ban sha'awa, kuma inda kamfanoni kamar namu ke ciyar da lokaci da yawa suna jayayya a tarurrukan bita na fasaha.

Akwai nau'ikan algorithms daban-daban don bin diddigin MPP:

Perturb da Kulawa (P&O)– Wannan shi ne tsohon abin dogara. Mai sarrafawa yana nudge wurin aiki a hanya ɗaya, yana bincika idan wuta ta tashi ko ƙasa, sannan ta sake nudge daidai. Mai sauƙi, mai tasiri, amma yana iya kewayawa a kusa da MPP kamar maye yana ƙoƙarin nemo rami. Muna amfani da wannan a cikin tsarinmu na S-150 saboda an tabbatar da shi kuma yana da arha don aiwatarwa.

Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa- Mafi kyawun ilimin lissafi, wanda ake zaton ya fi daidai. A gaskiya? Ban taba ganin yana yin aiki sosai fiye da P&O a zahiri{1}} yanayin duniya ba, duk da abin da takardun ilimi ke da'awa. Mun gwada bangarorin biyu - ta - na tsawon watanni uku na bazara (Yuni zuwa Agusta 2022), kuma bambancin girbin makamashi bai kai kashi 2% ba. Bai cancanci ƙarin sarrafa kayan aiki ba don yawancin aikace-aikacen.

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwara- Yana ɗaukar zato bisa ga buɗaɗɗen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na panel{0}. Mai sauri amma kasa daidai. Wasu daga cikin rahusa na kasar Sin masu arha suna amfani da wannan, kuma zaku iya fada - sun isa amma ba su da kyau.

Sannan kuna da sabbin sabbin hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa - hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi, dabaru masu ban mamaki, sarrafa yanayin zamiya. Kuma duba, na tabbata suna da matsayinsu a cikin labs na bincike da aikace-aikacen niche, amma don 95% na shigarwa? P&O yana yin aikin daidai.

Tom daga sashin tallanmu yana ci gaba da ingiza mu don aiwatar da "AI{0}MPPT mai ƙarfi" don abubuwan buzz. Muna ci gaba da gaya masa cewa hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi ba su da ma'ana ga wannan aikace-aikacen kuma za su ƙara tsada da rikitarwa ba tare da fa'ida ta gaske ba. Wannan gardama ta kasance tun watan Oktoba. Aika taimako.

MPPT

"Amma nawa yafi kyau?" – Kowane. Single. Abokin ciniki. Ganawa.

Yayi, don haka ga wasu ainihin lambobi daga gwaje-gwajen filin da muka yi a cikin 2022:

A cikin shigarwarmu a kudancin Spain (yankin Malaga, idan kuna sha'awar), mun ga:

MPPT vs PWM: 25-30% ƙarin makamashi da aka girbe akan matsakaita

Mafi kyawun haɓakawa: 45% (wannan ya kasance a cikin Disamba tare da shading na ɓangare)

Mafi munin ci gaba: 15% (tsakiyar - bazara, ranakun da ba a bayyana ba, lokacin da ma PWM ke aiki da kyau)

Ingantawa shine mafi girma lokacin da:

Wutar lantarki ɗin ku ya fi ƙarfin baturi yawa

Kuna da inuwa mai ban sha'awa

Zazzabi ya bambanta da yawa

Kuna da faifan da bai dace ba a cikin tsararru

Yana da mafi ƙanƙanta lokacin da komai ya dace - wanda a zahiri bai taɓa kasancewa a duniyar gaske ba.

Ba zan ba ku cikakken zanen da'ira ba, amma ga ainihin topology:

Yawancin masu kula da MPPT suna amfani da mai jujjuya kuɗi (mataki{0}}asa), mai canzawa (mataki{1}} sama), ko buck{2}}ƙarfafa mai canzawa (zai iya yin duka biyu) azaman matakin ƙarfinsu. Mu yawanci muna tafiya tare da topology na buck saboda yawancin bangarorin hasken rana sun fi ƙarfin lantarki fiye da batura da suke caji.

Sashen sarrafawa yawanci yana da:

Microcontroller (muna amfani da jerin STM32 a cikin babban layin mu)

Wutar lantarki da na'urori masu auna halin yanzu

Na'urori masu auna zafin jiki (na panel, baturi, da mai sarrafawa kanta)

Wani nau'i na mai amfani (allon LCD, Bluetooth, komai)

Gaskiya shi ke nan. Sihiri yana cikin software - algorithm wanda ke yanke shawarar yadda za a daidaita wurin aiki.

Sabuwar Model X{2}300 ɗin mu da za mu ƙaddamar a wata mai zuwa (sanarwa ta hukuma a SolarTech Expo a Amsterdam ranar 8 ga Maris - zo ka ce hi idan kana can!) Yana amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa dual-core don haka za mu iya gudanar da sa ido na aminci ba tare da bin tsarin MPPT ba. Bit overkill? Wataƙila. Amma bayan abin da ya faru tare da ƙungiyar masu gasa ta kama wuta a Ostiraliya a bara (ba za a ambaci suna ba, amma tabbas kun ji labarinsa), ba za mu sami dama ba.

"MPPT yana ba ku ƙarin iko daga bangarorin ku"- A'a. Ƙungiyarku tana samar da abin da yake samarwa bisa hasken rana. MPPT kawai yana tabbatar da cewa kuna AMFANI da duk wannan ikon da yake da shi maimakon ɓata shi.

"Ba kwa buƙatar MPPT tare da ƙananan tsarin"– Sharar gida. Ko da karamin tsarin yana amfana. Tabbas, cikakken samun kuzarin ƙarami ne, amma kashi - cikin hikima iri ɗaya ne.

"MPPT kawai don grid{0}} tsarin tie"– Hakanan kuskure. Yana aiki mai kyau don cajin baturi, wanda shine ainihin inda muke ganin yawancin tallace-tallacenmu.

"Duk masu kula da MPPT iri ɗaya ne"– Ha! Faɗa wa ƙungiyar injiniyan hakan. Muna ciyar da watanni inganta ingantaccen aiki, kula da thermal, aminci. Amma zan yarda, ga matsakaita mai amfani, rukunin Sinawa £50 da mai kula da mu £400kamakama. Har sai mai arha ya gaza bayan wata shida, wato.

Duba, ya kamata in sayar da ku akan samfuranmu, amma bari in faɗi gaskiya (kada ku gaya wa maigidana na faɗi haka):

Idan kuna da ƙaramin tsari (a ƙarƙashin 50W), gajeriyar hanyar kebul na gudu, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ɗinku yayi daidai da ƙarfin baturin ku, kuma kuna kan ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi - PWM na iya zama lafiya. Za ku bar wasu kuzari akan tebur, amma wani lokacin wannan cinikin karbuwa ne{2}}.

Muna da wani abokin ciniki a shekarar da ta gabata wanda ke son yin amfani da ƙaramin tashar yanayi a cikin tsaunukan Scotland{0}W panel, baturi 12V, kasafin kuɗi £30. Na ba da shawarar mai sarrafa PWM mai arha. Ya sayi na'urar mu ta MPPT saboda "yana son mafi kyau." Daidai sosai, kuɗinsa ne, amma ROI akan wannan shawarar tabbas ba zai taɓa yiwuwa ba.

Ina wannan fasahar ke tafiya? To, muna ganin ƴan abubuwan da ke faruwa:

An rarraba MPPT- Maimakon babban mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya don dukan tsararru, ƙananan masu ingantawa akan kowane panel. Mafi kyau ga shading, amma yana ƙara farashi da rikitarwa. A halin yanzu muna gwada waɗannan a cikin aikin gwaji a Norway.

Haɗin Cloud– Kowa yana son mai kula da hasken rana yana magana da wayoyinsu. Tabbas, me yasa ba. App ɗin mu yana da kyau a zahiri, koda kuwa na faɗi haka da kaina. Kuna iya ganin aikin lokaci na gaske -, bayanan tarihi, kuma zai faɗakar da ku idan wani abu ba daidai ba. Mun tura wani sabuntawa a makon da ya gabata wanda ke daidaita yanayin baturi{5}}na{6}} kimantawa - yana karanta kusan kashi 5% a da.

Mafi kyawun algorithms– Wannan shi ne na sirri kamu. Na daɗe ina aiki akan algorithm na tsinkaya wanda ke amfani da bayanan hasashen yanayi don kafin{1}} daidaita sigogin bin diddigi. Yana aiki? Wani lokaci. Shin ya cancanci ƙoƙarin? Jury har yanzu yana waje.

MPPT

An daɗe da yin haka don sanin kurakuran gama gari:

Girman shi da kyau–Kada ku sayi mai sarrafa MPPT 60A don rukunin 10A. Yana da almubazzaranci. Hakazalika, kar a rage girmansa tunanin za ku adana kuɗi. Za ku lalata shi ne kawai idan kun ƙara ƙarin fashe daga baya.

Ajiye shi– Wadannan abubuwa suna haifar da zafi. Kar a dora shi a cikin akwati da aka rufe a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Ee, a zahiri mutane suna yin wannan. A'a, ban gane dalilin ba.

firikwensin zafin baturi- Yi amfani da shi! Ya kamata a biya wutar lantarkin caji{0}. Yanayin daki da tsakiyar Sahara na buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban.

Girman igiyoyi– Muna samun kira da yawa game da masu sarrafa ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata, kuma kusan ko da yaushe ƙananan igiyoyi suna haifar da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki. Yi amfani da kalkuleta mai girman kebul na jini akan gidan yanar gizon mu.

Saituna suna da matsala– The tsoho saituna ne masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Karanta jagorar (Na sani, shawara mai ban tsoro) kuma saita shi don takamaiman nau'in baturin ku.

To, menene MPPT? It's basically a smart electronic matchmaker that ensures your solar panel and battery are working together as efficiently as possible, constantly adjusting to changing conditions to squeeze every possible watt out of your setup.

Shin yana da daraja? Don yawancin shigarwa, kwata-kwata. Ƙarin kuɗin mai kula da MPPT akan PWM yana biyan kansa a ƙarin girbin makamashi a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu.

Shin muna son zuciya ne saboda muna sayar da su? Tabbas. Amma kuma mun yi imani da su, in ba haka ba, da ba za mu yi amfani da shekaru 15 da suka wuce wajen tace fasaha da gina wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun masu kula da MPPT a kasuwa ba. (Kuma eh, na san kowane kamfani yana faɗin haka, amma namu a zahiri. Yaƙe ni.)

Ko ta yaya, idan kuna da tambayoyi, jefa su a cikin sharhi ko harba mini imel. Ko mafi kyau duk da haka, kama ni a baje kolin Amsterdam a cikin Maris. Zan kasance mai shan kofi da yawa kuma in bayyana MPPT ga duk wanda zai saurare.

Oh, kuma filogi mai sauri - haɗa MPPT ɗin ku tare dabatirin lithium ionicidan zaka iya. Halin caji mai sauri a haƙiƙa yana ƙyale mai sarrafawa yayi aiki da kyau a cikin gajeren kwanakin hunturu. Tun shekarar da ta gabata muna gwada wannan haɗin gwiwa kuma abin da aka samu ya cancanci a faɗi gaskiya.