Cajin dama hanya ce ta cajin baturi inda motocin lantarki ko na'urorin masana'antu ke karɓar ɗan caji yayin ɗan gajeren hutun aiki maimakon cikakken lokacin caji. Ana cajin baturin duk lokacin da raguwar lokaci ya auku{1}a yayin hutun abincin rana, canje-canjen canji, ko ɗan ɗan dakata{2}yawanci yana kaiwa kashi 80-85% na caji kafin kayan aiki su dawo aiki.
Yadda Cajin Damar ke Aiki
Cajin dama yana aiki daban da caji na al'ada a cikin tsarin fasaha da kuma tsarin aiki. Inda hanyoyin gargajiya ke fitar da baturi zuwa ƙarfin 20% kafin sake zagayowar caji na sa'o'i 8, cajin damar yana ba da ƙarfi akai-akai, gajeriyar fashewa.
Tsarin caji yana amfani da maɗaukakin ƙimar halin yanzu don haɓaka canjin makamashi yayin ƙayyadaddun lokaci. Caja dama suna isar da 25 zuwa 30 amps a kowace awa 100 - na ƙarfin baturi, idan aka kwatanta da caja na al'ada waɗanda ke ba da 16 zuwa 18 amps a kowace awa 100-. Wannan amperage mafi girma yana ba da damar baturi da ya ƙare ya kai kashi 80-85% na cajin a cikin mintuna 60 zuwa 90, kodayake yawancin lokutan caji suna ɗaukar mintuna 10 zuwa 30 ne kawai yayin hutu na yau da kullun.
Hanyar caji tana bin takamaiman tsari. Cajin farko yana faruwa a matsakaicin ƙimar har sai baturin ya kai kusan iya aiki 80%. A wannan bakin kofa, adadin caji yana raguwa ta atomatik don hana zafi da wuce kima a cikin batirin gubar{3}}. Yawancin tsarin cajin damar suna tsayawa a 80-85% na halin caji, yayin da batura ke ƙara juriya ga karɓar cajin bayan wannan batu. Cikakken cajin mako-mako zuwa 100% ya kasance wajibi don kiyaye lafiyar baturi.
Ba kamar caji na al'ada da ke buƙatar lokacin sanyi na sa'o'i 8 bayan cikakken zagayowar caji, cajin damar yana haifar da ƙarancin zafi a kowane zama saboda ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wannan yana ba da damar batura su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kayan aiki a cikin sauye-sauye da yawa, yana kawar da buƙatar hakar baturi da sauyawa.
Babban bambance-bambancen fasaha daga caji na al'ada:
Yawan caji:25-30A/100Ah vs . 16-18A/100Ah
Tsawon zama:Minti 10-90 vs . 8+ hours
Yanayin caji:80-85% kullum vs . 100% kullum
Bukatar sanyi:Ƙananan awa vs{0}}
Cire baturi:Ba a buƙata ba kuma wajibi ne don ayyuka masu yawa{1}
Ana iya rarraba kayan aikin caji a ko'ina cikin kayan aiki maimakon mayar da hankali a cikin ɗakin baturi da aka keɓe. Ana shigar da caja yawanci a kusa da dakunan hutu, docks, ko manyan wuraren aiki na zirga-zirga don rage lokacin tafiya da ƙarfafa halin caji.
La'akarin Fasahar Batir
Chemistry na baturi yana ƙayyade ko cajin damar ya tsawaita ko rage tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki. Aikin yana shafar batir ɗin gubar{1}}acid da lithium{2}} ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Jagora{0}} Kalubalen Batirin Acid
Gubar{0}}Batura acid suna fuskantar lalacewa da za a iya aunawa a ƙarƙashin ka'idojin cajin damar. Bincike ya nuna cewa waɗannan batura za su iya rasa kashi 30 zuwa 40% na tsawon rayuwarsu lokacin da ake cajin damammaki akai-akai, yana rage rayuwar sabis na tsawon shekaru 5 zuwa kusan shekaru 3.
Babban laifi shine sulfation - samuwar kristal sulfate na gubar akan farantin baturi. A cikin caji na al'ada, baturi yana fitarwa zuwa kusan 20% kafin karɓar cikakken caji. Wannan cikakken sake zagayowar yana ba da damar tsarin caji don rushe lu'ulu'u na sulfate waɗanda ke samuwa a zahiri yayin fitarwa. Tare da cajin damar, batura ba su cika fitarwa ƙasa da 40-50% kafin karɓar wani ɓangare na cajin. Lu'ulu'u na Sulfate suna taruwa a cikin wuraren faranti waɗanda ba su sami isasshen halin yanzu don juyar da tsarin crystallization.
Waɗannan sifofi na kristal suna zama da ƙarfi da ƙarfi kuma suna da juriya ga rushewa. Da zarar sulfation ya kai mataki na ci gaba, sassan da abin ya shafa na faranti na baturi za su zama marasa aiki na dindindin, suna rage ƙarfin gabaɗaya da lokacin aiki. Masu kera batir suna magance wannan ta hanyar cajin daidaitawa{2}}aiki a tsanake ana sarrafa lokutan cajin fiye da kima wanda ke haifar da zafi da kuma tilastawa ta halin yanzu ta wuraren da aka lalatar da su. Ko da tare da daidaitawar mako-mako, damar - cajin gubar -batir na acid yana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai fiye da na'urori masu caji na al'ada.
Ƙunƙarar zafi yana haɗa matsalar. Kowane lokacin caji yana haifar da zafi, kuma lokuta da yawa a kowace rana suna haifar da matsananciyar zafi. Gubar -Batura na acid yana buƙatar takamaiman kewayon zafin jiki don kiyaye aiki mai kyau, kuma zafi mai yawa yana haɓaka asarar electrolyte ta hanyar iskar gas. Dole ne masu aiki su sa ido kan matakan ruwa a hankali, saboda cajin damar iya ƙara yawan buƙatun kulawa da 40-60% idan aka kwatanta da caji na al'ada.
Lithium{0}Amfanin Ion
Batirin lithium{0}ion yana amsa akasin haka zuwa damar yin caji. Hanyar caji na iya tsawaita rayuwar baturi ta hanyar kiyaye sel a cikin mafi kyawun ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
Lithium{0}}ananan sinadarai na bunƙasa akan zagayowar ɓangarori na caji. Zurfafa zurfafawa da hawan keken caji suna haifar da ƙarin damuwa akan ƙwayoyin lithium fiye da kiyaye matakan caji tsakanin 20% zuwa 90%. Damar yin caji ta dabi'a tana kiyaye batura a cikin wannan kyakkyawan kewayon, yana guje wa matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ke haɓaka lalacewa. Wani babban mai kera kayan aiki ya tattara sama da dala miliyan 1 a cikin tanadi na shekara bayan ya canza zuwa batir lithium{7} ion tare da cajin damar, da farko ta hanyar kawar da musanya baturi da ƙarin wadatar kayan aiki.
Batirin Lithium{0}ion yana yin sauri da sauri fiye da ma'aunin gubar{1} daidai. Cikakken baturin lithium{3} ion na iya kaiwa 80% a cikin mintuna 60 ko ƙasa da haka, idan aka kwatanta da sa'o'i da yawa don gubar gubar{6}}acid. Wannan saurin caji yana daidaita daidai da jadawalin cajin damar. Batura kuma suna riƙe da daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki a duk tsawon yanayin fitar su, suna ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ko a cajin 80% ko 30%.
Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, baturan lithium{0}ion ba sa buƙatar cajin daidaitawa, lokacin sanyi, ko kula da ruwa. Ana iya caje su nan da nan bayan amfani, kuma tsarin sarrafa baturi yana daidaita ƙimar caji ta atomatik don hana zafi fiye da kima. Wannan yana sa cajin damar aiki ya zama mafi sauƙi kuma yana rage nauyin horo akan masu sarrafa kayan aiki.
Fa'idodin Aiki da Taimakon Kuɗi
Cajin dama yana canza tattalin arziƙin sarrafa kayan aiki don ayyukan tafiyar da sauyi da yawa ko tsawaita sauyi ɗaya. Tasirin kuɗi ya zarce farashin batir a bayyane don shafar aiki, amfani da sarari, da saurin aiki.
Uptime kayan aiki da Yawan Sami
Musanya baturi yana cinye minti 20 zuwa 40 a kowane musayar lokacin da ake lissafin lokacin tafiya, cirewa, sauyawa, da mayar da batir ɗin da ya ƙare zuwa wurin caji. Aiki guda - wanda ke yin musanya ɗaya a kowace babbar mota kowace rana yana yin hasarar wannan lokacin daga aiki mai fa'ida. Don jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya 20, wannan yana wakiltar mintuna 400 zuwa 800 na asarar yawan amfanin yau da kullun.
Cajin dama yana kawar da waɗannan katsewa. Masu aiki suna haɗa kayan aiki kawai zuwa caja na kusa yayin hutun da aka tsara. Hutun abincin rana na mintuna 15 yana ba da isasshen caji don ci gaba da aiki har zuwa hutu na gaba. Kayan aikin yana ci gaba da aiki a duk tsawon lokacin motsi, tare da yin caji a lokacin da masu aiki ba sa aiki.
Wannan ci gaba da samuwa mahadi a kan lokaci. Matsakaicin motsi na pallet 500 a kowace rana na iya haɓaka kayan aiki zuwa 520-540 motsi ta hanyar kawar da jinkirin canjin baturi. Ribar da ake samu galibi tana tabbatar da saka hannun jari a cikin watanni 18 zuwa 24.
Tattalin Arziki da Sarari
Cajin al'ada don ayyuka da yawa - yana buƙatar batura da yawa a kowace babbar mota{1} yawanci batura biyu suna barin ɗaya yayi caji yayin da wani ke aiki. Jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya 20 yana buƙatar batura 40, kowannensu yana ɗaukar kusan ƙafa 2 na sararin bene idan an adana shi da kyau. Ciki har da hanyoyin shiga forklift don dawo da batura, jimlar sawun ya kai murabba'in ƙafa 150-200.
Damar yin caji tare da batirin lithium{0}ion yana buƙatar baturi ɗaya kowace babbar mota wacce ba zata taɓa barin abin hawa ba. Ƙafafun murabba'in 150{4}200 da aka keɓe a baya don ajiyar baturi ya zama akwai don ƙarin tarawa, wuraren tsarawa, ko wasu amfani masu amfani. A cikin gundumomin sito masu tsada, wannan sarari da aka kwato zai iya wakiltar $15,000 zuwa $30,000 a daidai ƙimar hayar shekara-shekara.
Bukatun samun iska kuma suna canzawa. Lead{1}} wuraren cajin acid yana buƙatar keɓaɓɓen tsarin samun iska don shayar da iskar hydrogen{2}samfurin aikin caji wanda ke haifar da haɗarin fashewa a wasu ƙima. Damar yin caji tare da baturan lithium{4} ion ba ya samar da hydrogen, yana ba da damar shigar da caja a ko'ina tare da daidaitaccen sabis na lantarki. Wannan sassauci a wurin caja yana inganta aikin aiki maimakon tilasta kayan aiki tafiya zuwa wuraren caji mai nisa.
Rage Kudin Ma'aikata
Canjin baturi yana wakiltar haɗarin jiki da kuɗin aiki.Forklift baturiauna nauyin kilo 2,000 zuwa 4,000 kuma yana buƙatar na'urori na musamman na hakar. Kowane musanya ya ƙunshi:
Lokacin tafiya mai aiki zuwa dakin baturi: mintuna 3-5
Cirar baturi da shigarwa: Minti 10-15
Komawar baturi zuwa caja: Minti 5-8
Takaddun bayanai da duban aminci: 2-3 mintuna
A ɗimbin aiki na dala 25 a sa'a guda, musayar baturi ɗaya ya kai kusan $10 a cikin aikin kai tsaye. Motoci 20 da ke yin musaya guda ɗaya a kowace babbar mota a kowace rana a kan motsi biyu suna haifar da musanya 40 a kowace rana. Fiye da shekara guda, wannan yana wakiltar $ 146,000 a cikin farashin ma'aikata don ayyukan da ba su haifar da wani aiki mai amfani ba.
Cajin dama yana rage wannan zuwa sifili. Masu aiki suna haɗa kayan aiki kawai yayin hutun da za su yi ta wata hanya. Wasu wurare suna ba da rahoton tanadin ma'aikata na dala 100,000 zuwa $200,000 kowace shekara daga musanyawar baturi kadai.
Haƙiƙa{0}Misali Kuɗin Duniya
Yi la'akari da cibiyar rarrabawa da ke aiki da sauyi biyu tare da mazugi 20 na lantarki:
Kudin caji na al'ada:
Batura 40 akan $5,000 kowanne: $200,000
Caja na al'ada 20 akan $2,200 kowanne: $44,000
Kayan aikin baturi: $15,000
Kayan aikin dakin baturi da samun iska: $25,000
Aikin musanya baturi na shekara (swaps 40/rana × $10 × 365 kwanaki): $146,000/ shekara
Jimlar zuba jari na farko: $284,000
Kudin aiki na shekara: $146,000
Farashin cajin dama (lithium{0}}ion):
20 lithium baturi a $18,000 kowanne: $360,000
20 damar caja a $3,500 kowanne: $70,000
Shigar da caja da aka raba: $15,000
Jimlar zuba jari na farko: $445,000
Kudin aiki na shekara:$0 (babu musanya baturi)
Yayin da zuba jari na gaba shine $ 161,000 mafi girma, aikin yana adana $ 146,000 kowace shekara a farashin ma'aikata. Lokacin biyan kuɗi kusan watanni 13 ne. Bayan haka, ginin yana fahimtar ajiyar kuɗi na $ 146,000 kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, batirin lithium{10} ion yawanci suna wuce sau 2{12}} fiye da batirin gubar{13}}acid, rage farashin canji na dogon lokaci.
Bukatun Aiwatarwa
Cajin damar samun nasara yana buƙatar takamaiman kayan aiki, tsara kayan aiki, da ƙa'idodin aiki. Bukatun fasaha sun bambanta sosai daga saitunan caji na al'ada.
Bayanin caja
Caja dama manufa -wanda aka gina don girma{1}} na yanzu, juzu'in caji. Daidaitaccen caja na al'ada za su lalata batura idan aka yi amfani da su don cajin dama, saboda an tsara su don kammala cikakken zagayowar caji kuma suna iya ɗaukar nauyin batir da aka cire kafin su kai 100%.
Caja dama yana da halaye na musamman da yawa:
Mafi girman farashin farawa:25-Amps 30 a kowace awa 100 na amp-yana ba da damar saurin canja wurin kuzari yayin ƙayyadaddun lokaci. Baturin 500Ah zai karɓi amps 125-150 da farko, yana yin taper yayin da baturin ke gabatowa da ƙarfin 80%.
Kashe ta atomatik{0}:Dole ne masu caji su tsaya a 80-85% na cajin don hana zafi mai yawa da iskar gas. Na'urori masu tasowa suna sadarwa tare da baturin don saka idanu zafin jiki da daidaita kwararar halin yanzu daidai.
Gudanar da thermal:Gina{0}}a cikin sanyaya ko tilasta{1}}tsarin iska yana sarrafa samar da zafi daga babban caji na yanzu. Wasu caja sun haɗa da na'urori masu auna zafin jiki waɗanda ke rage ƙimar caji idan baturin ya wuce yanayin yanayin aiki mai aminci.
Bibiyar zagayowar:Caja na dama na zamani suna shiga lokutan caji don taimakawa masu aiki su tantance lokacin da ake buƙatar cikakken cajin daidaitawa.
Lead{0}}Cajin damar acid shima yana buƙatar diyya na zafin jiki{1}}daidaita wutar lantarki ta atomatik dangane da zafin baturi don inganta karɓar caji da hana guduwar zafi.
Lithium{0}ion damar caji yana amfani da fasahar caja daban-daban. Waɗannan batura suna buƙatar caja tare da tsarin sarrafa baturi (BMS) damar sadarwa. BMS na lura da ma'aunin wutar lantarki, yanayin zafi, da yanayin caji, yana ba da bayanan da cajar ke amfani da ita don inganta sigogin caji a ainihin lokaci. Wannan sadarwa ta yau da kullun tana hana caji fiye da kima, rashin daidaituwar tantanin halitta, da matsalolin zafi.
Tsare-tsaren Kayayyakin Gida
Sanya caja yana tasiri sosai ga nasarar cajin damar. Dabarun wuri yana ƙayyade ko masu aiki suna cajin kayan aiki akai-akai ko kuma sun tsallake lokutan caji saboda rashin dacewa.
Dabarun sanyawa masu inganci:
Kusa da wuraren hutu:Sanya caja kusa da dakuna, wuraren cin abinci, ko dakunan kulle yana sanya shigar da kayan aiki ya zama wani sashe na yau da kullun na hutu. Masu aiki suna yin fakin kayan aiki, haɗa zuwa caja, su ɗauki hutun su, kuma su koma kan baturi da aka caje.
A kofofin jirgin ruwa:Wuraren saukar da tashar jiragen ruwa galibi suna haɗa da lokutan jira yayin da tireloli ke ajiyewa ko kuma ana sarrafa takarda. Caja a wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa suna ɗaukar waɗannan mintuna marasa aiki.
A cikin manyan wuraren zirga-zirga{0}:Wuraren ajiye motoci na tsakiya inda kayan aiki ke taruwa a zahiri yayin canje-canjen motsi suna ba da dama ga lokutan caji mai sauri.
Tsakanin rack aisles:A cikin ƙunƙunciyar ayyukan hanya, ana iya haɗa caja tsakanin sassan rack, ba da damar masu aiki suyi caji yayin sake sanyawa ko loda ayyukan taro.
Dole ne kayan aikin lantarki su goyi bayan haɗaɗɗun caja masu yawa da ke aiki a lokaci ɗaya. Shigar da caja 20{5} tare da ƙarfin 150-amp a kowace caja zai iya zana mafi girman amps 3,000 na yanzu-daidai da 360kW a 120V ko 720kW a 240V. Kayayyakin aiki suna buƙatar isassun ƙarfin sabis na lantarki kuma, a wasu lokuta, tsarin sarrafa buƙatu don hana tsadar farashin buƙatu.
Wasu ayyuka suna aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke rarraba wutar lantarki a kan caja da yawa dangane da yanayin cajin kowane baturi na yanzu. Batura a ƙananan matakan caji suna karɓar fifikon wutar lantarki, tabbatar da kayan aiki tare da mafi yawan cajin buƙatun gaggawa cikin sauri.
Horon Ma'aikata da Ladabi
Nasarar cajin dama ya dogara sosai akan halayen ma'aikata. Ba kamar caji na al'ada ba inda musanya baturi ya zama tilas lokacin da wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa, cajin damar yana buƙatar yanke shawara mai himma don caji yayin kowace damar da ake da ita.
Ya kamata shirye-shiryen horarwa su jaddada:
Ladabin caji:Dole ne masu aiki su haɗa kayan aiki zuwa caja yayin kowane lokacin hutu, ba tare da la'akari da adadin kuɗin da ya rage ba. Tsallake ko da damar caji ɗaya na iya barin kayan aiki tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki don ɓangaren motsi na gaba.
Hanyoyin haɗin kai daidai:Sauƙaƙan kamar alama, tabbatar da masu haɗawa sun zauna cikakke kuma amintacce yana hana yin harbi, rashin haɗin kai, ko lokutan caji da aka rasa. Wasu wuraren suna amfani da tashoshi masu lamba ko masu lakabi don kawar da rudani game da cajar da ta yi daidai da waɗanne kayan aiki.
Sanin halin caji:Nunin kayan aiki na zamani suna ba da bayanin matsayin baturi. Masu aiki yakamata su fahimci abin da waɗannan alamomin ke nufi kuma su amsa daidai. Baturi a cajin 60% na iya zama kamar isasshe, amma idan ɓangaren aiki na gaba yana buƙata, maiyuwa bazai kammala aikin ba tare da cajin dama ba.
Ka'idojin aminci:Damar yin caji tare da baturan gubar{0}Acid har yanzu ya ƙunshi haɗarin lantarki da samar da iskar hydrogen. Masu gudanar da aiki suna buƙatar horarwa akan iskar da ta dace, da guje wa tartsatsin wuta kusa da wuraren caji, da sarrafa kayan caji cikin aminci.
Sau da yawa wurare suna gano cewa yin caji a matsayin dacewa kamar yadda zai yiwu yana inganta yarda. Tsarin caji mara waya, inda masu aiki ke ajiye kayan aiki kawai akan kushin caji, kawar da matakan haɗin gwiwa gaba ɗaya. Yayin da ya fi filogi{2}}a cikin tsarin, caji mara waya yana samun biyan kusan-100% na ma'aikata saboda yana buƙatar ƙoƙarin sifili.
Nazarin Wutar Lantarki da Girman Tsarin
Kafin aiwatar da cajin damar, wurare yakamata su gudanar da nazarin wutar lantarki don fahimtar ainihin tsarin amfani da makamashi. Waɗannan karatun yawanci suna gudana na tsawon makonni ɗaya zuwa biyu kuma suna tattara bayanai gami da:
Lokacin gudu na kayan aiki kowane lokaci
Amp{0}}asashen awa kowace babbar mota
Tsawon lokaci mara aiki da mita
Mafi girman lokutan buƙatu
Tsarin fitar da baturi na yanzu
Wannan bayanan yana bayyana ko cajin damar zai iya biyan bukatun aiki. Wurin da injinan yadudduka ke gudana tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin hutu na iya gano cewa cajin damar ba zai iya isar da isasshen kuzari don ci gaba da ayyuka ba. A irin waɗannan lokuta, caji mai sauri ko hanyoyin haɗin kai na iya zama mafi dacewa.
Nazarin wutar lantarki kuma yana sanar da adadin caja da yanke shawara. Idan bayanai sun nuna kayan aiki a zahiri suna taruwa a takamaiman wurare yayin canje-canjen motsi, waɗannan wuraren sun zama wuraren shigar da caja mai fifiko.
Lokacin Damar Cajin Yayi Ma'ana
Cajin dama ba ya aiki a duk duniya. Ƙayyadaddun halaye na aiki sun ƙayyade ko hanyar za ta inganta ko hana aikin jiragen ruwa.
Ingantattun Yanayin Aiki
Ayyuka masu yawa{0} tare da lokutan hutu:Wuraren da ke gudana sau biyu tare da hutun abincin rana na mintuna 30 da hutun mintuna 15{5}} suna ba da kusan mintuna 60 na lokacin caji kowace awa. Wannan ya dace da ƙarfin cajin damar-yawan lokaci, matsakaicin lokacin caji.
Canje-canje guda ɗaya:Ayyukan da ke gudana na awa 10{3}} sauyi guda 12 suna fuskantar ƙalubale tare da batura na yau da kullun waɗanda aka tsara don lokacin gudu na awa 8-. Cajin dama yayin hutun tsaka-tsaki yana ƙara ƙarfin baturi don rufe cikakken motsi ba tare da buƙatar musanya baturi na tsaka-tsaki ba.
Zagayen ayyuka masu haske zuwa matsakaici:Kayayyakin da ke aiwatar da ayyuka na ɗaukar kaya, motsi na pallet, ko karɓar ayyuka yawanci suna cinye ƙarancin kuzari a cikin awa ɗaya fiye da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata kamar lodin manyan motoci ko ayyukan waje a cikin matsanancin zafi. Ƙarƙashin amfani da makamashi yana nufin cajin damar zai iya cika ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi tsakanin hutu.
Jadawalin hutun da ake hasashen:Lokacin da hutu ya faru a tsaka-tsaki na yau da kullun, masu aiki zasu iya haɓaka daidaitattun halaye na caji. Jadawalai marasa tsari ko maras tabbas suna ba da wahala don tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki sun sami isassun damar caji.
Isassun kayan aikin lantarki:Wuraren da ke da damar wutar lantarki na iya ƙara caja dama ba tare da haɓaka kayan aiki masu tsada ba. Tsofaffin gine-gine masu iyakacin sabis na lantarki na iya fuskantar tsadar tsada don tallafawa manyan caja masu yawa{1}.
Aiwatar da Filin jirgin saman Amsterdam Schiphol yana nuna nasarar cajin damar da aka samu a sikelin. Aikin ya tura motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki guda 100 a kan hanyoyi shida da ke buƙatar samun 24/7. Kayayyakin aikin caji sun haɗa manyan caja masu damar wutar lantarki 23-(450kW kowanne) a tashoshi da kuma wuraren hanya tare da caja 84 don amfanin dare. Motoci suna karɓar zaman caji na mintuna 5-10 yayin hawan fasinja a tasha, tare da kiyaye matakan baturi a duk lokacin ci gaba da aiki. Tsarin ya sami cikakken aikin turawa a cikin ƙasa da shekara ɗaya kuma yana kiyaye lokacin 99%+.
Lokacin La'akari da Madadin
Ayyuka uku - 24/7:Kayan aiki da ke gudana tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci maiyuwa ba su da isasshen lokacin aiki don cajin dama don kula da isassun matakan caji. Yin caji mai sauri ko tsarin musanya baturi na iya tabbatar da dacewa mafi dacewa.
Zagayen ayyuka masu nauyi{{0}:Aikace-aikacen da suka haɗa da hawan tudu akai-akai, aiki a waje a cikin matsanancin zafi, ko nauyi mai nauyi na iya zubar da batura cikin sauri fiye da cajin damar da zai iya cika su. Baturi a cajin kashi 70 na iya zama kamar isasshe, amma babban aikin da ake buƙata{2} na iya rage shi da sauri.
Jadawalin hutu marasa tsari:Ayyukan sabis, cika oda na al'ada, ko akan{0}}masu buƙatu galibi suna rasa lokutan hutu da za a iya faɗi. Ba tare da damar caji na yau da kullun ba, batura na iya kaiwa ga ƙananan matakan tsaka-tsaki tsakanin lokacin caji.
Iyakance lokacin hutu:Wasu ayyuka suna ba da jimlar minti 10 kawai{2} Wannan na iya sadar da rashin isasshen caji don ɗaukar kayan aiki ta kowane lokaci, musamman tare da batura-acid-acid waɗanda ke yin caji a hankali.
Ƙirar batirin da ta kasance:Wuraren da ke da gagarumin saka hannun jari a cikin batirin gubar-acid da kayan aikin caji na al'ada suna fuskantar ƙarin farashin canji. Amfanin cajin damar ba zai iya ba da izinin maye gurbin kayan aiki ba kafin ƙarshen rayuwarta{2}} na{3}}.
Tsarin yanke shawara
Tabbatar dacewa dacewa cajin damar yana buƙatar kimanta abubuwa da yawa:
Yi lissafin yawan kuzarin yau da kullun:Auna amp{0}}awa da ake cinye kowace babbar mota a kowane lokaci. Kwatanta wannan da makamashin da ake iya bayarwa ta hanyar cajin dama bisa la'akari da lokutan hutu da kuma ƙayyadaddun caja.
Yi la'akari da kasancewar lokacin hutu:Takaddun ainihin lokacin hutu da mita. Asusu don masu aiki na lokaci suna buƙatar tafiya don karya wuraren{1}}hutu na mintuna 30 tare da tafiya na mintuna 5 yana ba da mintuna 20 na ainihin lokacin caji.
Yi la'akari da ƙarfin sake zagayowar aiki:Ayyukan tura kayan aiki zuwa iya aiki suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙididdiga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Kayan aikin da ke kai ƙananan matakan baturi a kai a kai yayin sauye-sauye na iya kokawa da cajin damar.
Kimanta horon ma'aikata:Wuraren da masu aiki ke yawan tsallake hutu ko watsi da hanyoyin na iya samun damar cajin nasara ya dogara da inganta al'adun aiki tukuna.
Yi nazarin iyakokin sarari:Ayyuka masu iyakacin sararin bene suna samun ƙarin ƙima daga kawar da ɗakunan baturi. Kayayyakin da ke da yalwar sarari suna samun fa'idodi kaɗan na dangi.
Yi lissafin lokacin ROI:Kwatanta jimlar kuɗin mallakar sama da shekaru 5{1}7 don caji na yau da kullun tare da damar yin caji tare da baturan lithium-ion. Haɗa farashin baturi, farashin caja, kayayyakin more rayuwa, aiki, da kuma amfani da sarari a cikin bincike.
Doka mai sauƙi ta fito daga ƙwarewar masana'antu: Cajin dama yana aiki da kyau don ayyuka inda kayan aiki ke aiki a cikin amfani da ƙasa da 85% na lokacin motsi. Ragowar kashi 15% yana ba da isassun damar caji idan an rarraba shi daidai a ko'ina cikin motsi.
Iyaka da la'akari
Cajin dama yana gabatar da buƙatun aiki da iyakancewa waɗanda babu su tare da hanyoyin caji na al'ada.
Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya
Zuba jari na farko don cajin damar ya wuce caji na al'ada, musamman lokacin canzawa zuwa baturan lithium{0}. Yayin da batirin lithium{2} ion ke tsada 2{4}} sau 3 fiye da kwatankwacin acid-acid a gaba, tsawon rayuwarsu (yawanci hawan keke 3,000-5,000 vs{8}},500) yana daidaita wannan farashi akan lokaci.
Caja masu dama da kansu suna kashe $3,000-$5,000 kowanne, idan aka kwatanta da $2,000-$2,500 na caja na yau da kullun. Mafi girman farashi yana nuna na'urorin lantarki na musamman, sarrafa zafi, da damar isar da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata don saurin caji.
Haɓaka kayan aikin lantarki na iya ƙara farashi mai yawa. Wurin da ke shigar da caja 20 na iya buƙatar haɓaka panel ɗin sabis, ƙarin ƙarfin da'ira, ko ma haɓaka taswira idan sabis ɗin lantarki yana kusa da ƙarfi. Waɗannan farashin sun bambanta dangane da shekarun kayan aiki da tsarin lantarki na yanzu amma suna iya zuwa daga $10,000 zuwa $100,000 ko fiye.
Wasu wurare suna aiwatar da cajin damar a matakai, farawa da ƴan caja a cikin manyan wurare masu daraja da haɓaka yayin da suke tabbatar da fa'idodin aiki da ROI.
Gubar -Lalacewar Batir Acid
Don ayyukan kiyaye gubar gubar{0}} jiragen ruwa na baturi, damar yin caji yana haɓaka hawan maye. Rage tsawon rayuwa 30{5} 40% yana nufin tsara kasafin kuɗi don ƙarin siyan baturi akai-akai. Wurin da ke tsammanin shekaru 5 daga batirin gubar-acid zai iya ganin shekaru 3 kacal a ƙarƙashin ka'idojin cajin damar.
Kudaden daidaitawar mako-mako sun kasance wajibi. Wannan yana buƙatar cire kayan aiki na tsawon awanni 8 -12 na mako-mako{3}} yawanci na dare ko lokacin ƙarancin buƙata. Mantawa da cajin daidaito yana haɓaka sulfation kuma yana iya lalata batura har abada cikin watanni.
Ƙara yawan amfani da ruwa da buƙatun kulawa suna ƙara farashin aiki. Cajin dama yana haifar da ƙarin iskar gas, yana lalata ruwan electrolyte cikin sauri. Kayan aiki suna buƙatar tsarin shayarwa da ƙwararrun ma'aikata don kula da matakan da suka dace. Tsarin ruwa mai sarrafa kansa zai iya rage aiki amma yana wakiltar ƙarin saka hannun jari.
Bukatun ladabtarwa na aiki
Cajin dama yana rushewa ba tare da tsayayyen sa hannun mai aiki ba. Ba kamar caji na al'ada ba inda ƙananan matakan baturi ke tilasta aiki, cajin damar ya dogara da masu aiki da son rai suna haɗa kayan aiki a duk lokacin hutu.
Kamfanoni sun ba da rahoton cewa yarda da ma'aikaci ya bambanta sosai dangane da dacewar caja, al'adun wurin aiki, da fifikon gudanarwa. Ayyukan da ke samun biyan kuɗi na 95%+ yawanci suna sanya caja kai tsaye kusa da wuraren karya kuma sun haɗa da cajin horo a cikin kimantawar aiki.
Wasu ayyuka suna shigar da tsarin wayar salula na kayan aiki waɗanda ke lura da halayen caji da masu lura da faɗakarwa lokacin da ba a cajin kayan aiki yayin lokutan hutu. Wannan hanyar da aka kora ta{1} tana taimakawa gano gibin horo da ƙarfafa tsammanin.
Iyakoki akan Manyan Aikace-aikace-
Cajin dama yana da iyaka mai amfani akan isar da makamashi. Batirin da ke cinye awoyi 100 na amp{2} a cikin awa 4{4} yana buƙatar samun waɗannan awoyi{9}} a lokacin hutu. Tare da hutun mintuna 15 - na mintuna biyu suna samar da mintuna 30 na lokacin caji, dole ne caja ya isar da aƙalla awoyi 200 na amp-awa a cikin sa'a (ƙididdigar asarar ƙimar aiki). Wannan yana buƙatar manyan caja da batura masu iya karɓar ƙimar caji mai sauri.
Aikace-aikacen da suka wuce wannan ƙofa suna buƙatar madadin. Tsarin caji mai sauri yana isar da amps 40{4} 50 a kowace 100Ah na iya tallafawa yawan amfani da makamashi amma rage rayuwar baturi da ƙarfi. Wasu ayyuka suna amfani da hanyoyin haɗin kai-damar caji don yawancin kayan aiki yayin da suke riƙe da damar musanya baturi don manyan manyan motoci masu buƙata.
Hankalin zafin jiki
Duk batirin gubar -acid da lithium{1}} batirin ion suna aiki da kyau a cikin takamaiman kewayon zafin jiki. Wuraren sanyi suna rage karɓar caji da ƙarfin aiki, yayin da yanayi mai zafi yana haɓaka lalacewa. Damar caji a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na injin daskarewa ko ayyukan waje a cikin matsanancin yanayi yana fuskantar ƙarin ƙalubale.
Batura masu sanyi suna karɓar caji a hankali, ma'ana lokacin caji na mintuna 30{2} na iya isar da ƙarancin kuzari fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Batura lithium-ion yawanci sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa zafi waɗanda ke dumama sel zuwa mafi kyawun zafin jiki kafin caji, amma wannan yana cinye kuzari kuma yana ƙara lokacin da ake buƙata don yin caji yadda ya kamata.
Ayyukan zafi mai girma{0}{1}kamar masana'anta, ayyukan bazara na waje, ko ɗakunan ajiya mara kyau{2}} suna haifar da lalacewar yanayin zafi ga batura yayin caji mai girma{3}} damar na yanzu. Ƙarin ƙarfin sanyaya ko rage ƙimar kuɗi na iya zama dole, yana iyakance tasirin hanyar.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don samun damar yin cajin baturin forklift?
Yawancin lokutan cajin damar suna ɗaukar mintuna 10 zuwa 30, daidai da tsayin lokacin hutu lokacin lokutan jujjuyawar sito. Hutun mintuna 15- na iya dawo da kashi 15-25% na ƙarfin baturi tare da caja dama, yawanci ya isa ga sashin aiki na gaba. Koyaya, ya kamata baturin ya kai kashi 80-85% na cajin ta hanyar tarin caji yayin motsi, tare da cikakken cajin dare zuwa 100% yana faruwa aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako don baturan gubar-acid.
Za ku iya samun damar yin cajin baturan gubar{0}?
Ana iya cajin batirin gubar{0}Acid dama, amma aikin yana rage tsawon rayuwarsu da kashi 30{3}}40% idan aka kwatanta da ka'idojin caji na al'ada. Wannan yana faruwa saboda sulfation{5}samuwar kristal sulfate na gubar akan farantin baturi waɗanda basu cika narkar da su ba yayin zagayowar caji. Batirin gubar{7} kuma yana buƙatar cajin daidaiton mako-mako da ƙara yawan kula da ruwa lokacin da aka sami dama. Yawancin wuraren da ke canzawa zuwa damar yin caji lokaci guda suna canzawa zuwa batir lithium-ion don guje wa waɗannan matsalolin lalata.
Menene bambanci tsakanin cajin dama da caji mai sauri?
Cajin dama yana amfani da ƙimar caji na 25{2}30 amps a kowace awa 100{7}} kuma yawanci yana cajin batura zuwa 80{9}}85% yayin ɗan gajeren hutu. Yin caji mai sauri yana ɗaukar mafi girman ƙimar 40{10}}50 amps a kowace awa 100{12}}, yana isar da kuzari cikin sauri amma yana haifar da ƙarin zafi da ƙara rage tsawon rayuwar baturi. Yin caji mai sauri ya dace da ayyukan sauyi uku ko aikace-aikacen buƙatu masu girman gaske inda cajin dama ba zai iya isar da isasshen kuzari ba. Dukansu hanyoyin suna ba da damar baturi ɗaya kowace babbar mota ta yi aiki a cikin sauye-sauye da yawa, amma bayanin martabar caji mai sauri yana rage rayuwar batirin gubar zuwa shekaru 3 ko ƙasa da haka idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 3-4 na cajin damar.
Kuna buƙatar caja na musamman don cajin dama?
Daidaitaccen caja na al'ada ba zai iya yin cajin dama a amince ba. Caja dama suna buƙatar isar da amperage mafi girma (25-30A a kowace 100Ah vs{3}}A na al'ada), rufe ta atomatik{7}}ashe a 80-85% yanayin caji don hana wuce gona da iri yayin zagayawa, da tsarin sarrafa zafi don ɗaukar zafi daga saurin caji. Cajin damar lithium-ion kuma yana buƙatar caja waɗanda ke sadarwa tare da tsarin sarrafa baturi don daidaita sigogin caji dangane da yanayin zafin salula na ainihin lokacin da bayanan ƙarfin lantarki. Yin amfani da caja na al'ada don cajin dama yana haɗarin lalacewar baturi ta hanyar rashin cikar cajin algorithms da rashin isassun kariyar zafi.
Juya zuwa cajin dama yana nuna faffadan yanayin sarrafa kayan da ke ba da fifikon samar da kayan aiki da sassauƙar aiki. Lokacin aiwatarwa tare da fasahar baturi mai dacewa da horo na aiki, hanyar zata iya rage farashi yayin kiyayewa ko haɓaka aikin jiragen ruwa. Hanyar tana aiki mafi kyau a cikin ayyuka masu yawa{2} tare da jadawalin hutu na yau da kullun da matsakaicin buƙatun kayan aiki, musamman idan an haɗa su da batir lithium{3} Ayyukan yin la'akari da cajin damar ya kamata su gudanar da cikakken nazarin wutar lantarki da bincike na ROI don tabbatar da hanyar da ta dace da takamaiman bukatun aikin su da ƙuntatawa.
