Menene Injin Farfadowar Makamashi a cikin Batura Lithium?
Shigar da SEPTA na 2019 yana gaya muku komai game da inda muke tare da tsarin sabuntawa. Sun jefar da bankin lithium 1.5MW - ion a wani tashar, sun jawo kusan dala 500,000 a shekarar farko{6}}rabin daga rage farashin wutar lantarki, rabi daga kasuwannin ƙa'ida (scientificamerican.com). Ba don sun ƙirƙiro wani sabon abu ba. Domin a ƙarshe masana kimiyyar lantarki sun kama abin da injiniyoyin sufuri ke so tun daga shekarun 1920.
Motocin lantarki suna gudu da baya. Shi ke nan. Lokacin da EV ɗin ku ya ragu, motar ta zama janareta. Kinetic makamashi yana canzawa zuwa halin yanzu, halin yanzu yana gudana cikin fakitin, sel suna caji. Muna kiransa birki mai sabuntawa, amma babu wani abu mai ban mamaki game da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi{4} kawai dai fasahar baturi ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana jinkiri, da tsada, ko kuma mai rauni don sa ta yi aiki a sikeli.
Matsalar aiki ba wanda yayi magana akai
Anan ya zama mai ban sha'awa. Motoci -kamar yadda{2}}arfin janareta yana aiki da kashi 85-92%, ya dogara da saurin ku da nauyin ku. Inverter yana ɗaukar wani yanke, kusan 95% idan an tsara shi daidai. Batir yana cajin kansa? 90-95% karkashin yanayi mai kyau. Haɗa shi tare kuma kuna cikin 60-70% gabaɗayan ingantaccen haɓakawa.
Yana da muni har sai kun tuna madadin shine faifan gogayya suna juya komai zuwa ɓata zafi{0}}% na wani abu ya doke 0% na komai.
Abin da a zahiri ke iyakance tsarin duka shine karɓar caji. Lithium ions dole ne suyi ƙaura daga cathode ta hanyar electrolyte, shiga cikin graphite anode. Wannan tsari ne mai iyaka -. Ƙaddamar da halin yanzu cikin sauri fiye da yadda ions za su iya yin tsaka-tsaki kuma za ku sami plating na lithium{4}}arfe a kan anode maimakon daidaitattun tsaka-tsaki. Yana kashe iya aiki, sharan sake zagayowar rayuwa, mafi munin yanayi yana haifar da gajeren wando na ciki.
C - ƙididdigewa yana gaya muku saurin yadda tantanin halitta zai iya yin caji{1}}C yana nufin cikakken caji cikin sa'a ɗaya. LFP sunadarai suna sarrafa 1C ba tare da matsaloli ba. Kwatankwacin NMC, ya bambanta da abun cikin nickel. LTO's outlier-10C yana dawwama saboda sinadarai na anode suna yin watsi da batun plating. Shi ya sa kuke ganin LTO a cikin aikace-aikace tare da m regen bukatun, ko da yake yawan kuzarin kawo cikas.
Gudanar da baturi shine inda kuɗin ke rayuwa
BMS ba kawai saka idanu ba{0}}yana yanke hukunci na biyu{1} game da karbuwa da rarrabawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin tantanin halitta. Kunshin yana gabatowa cikakke? Dakin kai don regen current ya ɓace. Yawancin tsarin sun fara iyakancewa kusan kashi 90-95% na halin caji, gaba ɗaya kashe kusa da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki. Idan kun tuka EV, kun san wannan: ku bar titin ɗinku tare da cikakken baturi kuma sake fasalin yana jin rauni na mil na farko.
Yanayin zafi shine sauran ƙuntatawa ba wanda yake so ya magance shi. A ƙasa da digiri 10, motsi na ionic a cikin electrolyte yana raguwa. Tsarin yana iyakance regen halin yanzu don hana plating. Yi sanyi sosai kuma regen yana rufe gaba ɗaya har sai fakitin ya dumama.
Masu aiki da yanayin sanyi sun san wannan-mintuna 15 zuwa 20 na tuƙi kafin cikakken ikon sake dawowa. SAE's AIR6897 yana rufe gefen sararin samaniya na wannan, amma ka'idodin kula da caji da sarrafa zafi suna fassara kai tsaye zuwa motocin ƙasa.
Inda farashin farfadowa a zahiri yana da mahimmanci
Fasinja na birni EVs? 15-25% farfadowa. Nagari Motocin lantarki suna aiki kafaffen hanyoyi? A nan ne ya zama gaskiya. Motocin BYD a Antelope Valley Transit Authority-37.3% farfadowa a kan daidaitattun ƙirar ƙafa 40, 40.2% akan ƙayyadaddun ƙafa 60. Wannan aikin sake zagayowar ya zama cikakke don sabuntawa: sauƙaƙawa akai-akai daga daidaitattun gudu.
Aikace-aikacen masana'antu suna gudanar da lissafi daban-daban. Forklifts suna ci gaba da ɗagawa -ƙananan hawan keke, manyan motocin hakar ma'adinai suna saukowa daga ramin ramin zuwa wurin sarrafawa mai cike da kaya. Yiwuwar canjin makamashi a waɗannan lokuta na iya zama babba.
Robin Zeng a CATL ya tsara wannan fiye da mafi yawa: farashi a kowane zagaye, ba farashin gaba ba (rolandberger.com). Nawa makamashin da baturi ke ɗauka, nisan tafiyarsa, yadda yake aiki a tsawon rayuwarsa. Wannan shine abin da ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen regen - ko sel na iya ɗaukar nauyin caji akai-akai ba tare da wulakanta su ba.
Layin lalata yana ba mutane mamaki
Kuna tsammanin yawan bugun jini na yau da kullun{0} zai haɓaka tsufa. Bayanai sun ce in ba haka ba. Ƙarfin gyaran birki mafi girma a haƙiƙa yana da alaƙa da rage lalacewa. Tsarin shine zurfin fitarwa{4} lokacin da regen ya ɗauki ƙarin ƙarfin ragewa, baturin yana gudanar da zagayawa mara zurfi, ƙarancin hawan keke. Tun da zurfafa fitar da ƙarfi ke gushewa a cikin ƙwayoyin lithium{6}} ion, m regen na iya tsawaita rayuwa.
Zazzabi a lokacin regen har yanzu yana da mahimmanci. Baturi mai sanyi yayi daidai da sluggish intercalation, mafi girman yuwuwar plating. Baturi mai zafi yana ƙara haɓaka halayen gefe a wurin lantarki{2}}wararren lantarki. Samfuran thermal na BMS suna daidaita ikon sake fasalin halin yanzu dangane da yanayin yanayin sel da aka annabta, amma daidaiton ƙirar ya dogara sosai akan sanya firikwensin firikwensin da sophistication na algorithm. A nan ne za ku ga bambanci tsakanin aiwatarwa mai arha da masu kyau.
Zaɓin sinadarai ba ɗaya ba ne -girman -ya dace- duka. LFP yana ba ku kyakkyawar rayuwa ta zagayowar da kwanciyar hankali a matsakaicin farashin farashi{4}} aikace-aikacen jiragen ruwa suna son sa. NMC yana cinikin wasu daga cikin waccan don mafi girman yawan kuzari inda aka takurawa nauyi da girma. LTO yana sadaukar da yawan kuzari gaba ɗaya amma yana ba ku cajin karɓar ba wani abu da zai iya daidaitawa. Motocin wucewa na birni tare da tasha masu tsayi akai-akai, motocin aiki tare da birki{9}}wato yanki na LTO.
Haɗin tsarin yana da wuya fiye da yadda yake gani
Mai sarrafa mota, inverter, BMS, naúrar sarrafa abin hawa{0}}duk dole ne su daidaita. Direba yana ɗaga abin totur, wanda ke haifar da buƙatar ƙarfi. Ana fassara shi zuwa umarnin mota na yanzu. Inverter yana sarrafa wutar lantarki daga mota zuwa baturi. BMS ya tabbatar da cewa baturin zai iya karɓar wannan halin yanzu ba tare da keta iyakokin kariya ba. Duk wani abu yana fuskantar takura kuma kuna haɗa birki na gogayya don kiyaye ƙimar ragewa.
Canje-canje tsakanin regen da gogayya ba su da matsala daga wurin zama na direba, amma algorithms na sarrafawa a baya waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa. Hakanan dole ne ku kalli madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki - Girman regen halin yanzu ya dogara da bambanci tsakanin injin baya{2}}EMF da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi. Babban gudun abin hawa yana nufin mafi girma baya{4}}EMF, mai yuwuwar wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin cajin baturi. Tsarin ƙira dole ne ya lissafta waɗancan wuraren aiki.
Haɗaɗɗen tsarin birki daidai yake a cikin motocin samarwa. Tsakanin regen da gogayya ta atomatik, haɓaka haɓakawa yayin da ake iya hasashen halayen abin hawa. Sophistication na can ya inganta sosai cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Abin da wannan ke nufi a aikace
Ci gaba a ingantaccen injin, ƙirar inverter, sunadarai na baturi, sarrafa zafi, sarrafa algorithms{0}kowanne daga cikin waɗannan yana motsa allura akan ingantaccen farfadowa gabaɗaya. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na cikakken tsarin shine abin da ke ba da farfadowar makamashi.
Tukin babbar hanya? Karamin regen damar. Hanyoyi masu tsayin zuriya ko tasha akai-akai? Muhimmancin farfadowar makamashi. Masu aiki na Fleet kuma suna ganin tsawon rayuwar kayan aikin birki yana tsawaita sau uku zuwa biyar idan aka kwatanta da motocin na yau da kullun - birki a cikin rijiya{3}} EV da aka kera da kyar ake amfani da su a cikin tuƙi na birni.
Abin da ya fara a matsayin fa'ida ta biyu shekaru ashirin da suka gabata yanzu yana da mahimmanci ga ƙima. Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi bai canza ba. Fasahar baturi da ake buƙata don yin amfani da abin da kimiyyar lissafi ta girma yadda ya kamata. Banbancin kenan. SEPTA tana samar da rabin miliyan a kowace shekara daga shigarwar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya -wannan ba batun ƙirar dogo bane, game da tsarin lithium{5} ion a ƙarshe ya isa ya kama abin da koyaushe yake can.
