Menene E{0}Mai Rubutu?

A karon farko da ƙungiyar injiniyoyinmu suka buɗe tiren baturi mai lalata da aka dawo daga cibiyar rarraba bakin teku a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tsarin gazawar ya gaya mana duk abin da muke buƙatar sani. Gwargwadon gishiri ya shiga ta wani lahani kusa da kabu na walda, kuma a cikin watanni takwas ɗin karfen ya nuna zub da jini mai ƙarfi ta hanyar abin da yakamata ya kasance tsarin suturar shekara goma. Wannan lamarin ya canza yadda muka keɓance kariyar ƙasa ga kowane shingen ƙarfe da ke barin wurin mu.

Electrocoating -e-shafi a gajarce{2}}yana aiki akan ƙa'idar da har yanzu tana kusan ƙayatarwa bayan kun fahimce ta. Zuba wani sashi a cikin wanka mai dauke da tarkacen fenti, sanya wutar lantarki ta DC, kuma waɗancan barbashi suna ƙaura ta cikin ruwa kuma su ajiye kansu a kan kowane saman da halin yanzu zai iya kaiwa. Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye: caje-jajen da aka saba suna jan hankali. Amma injiniyan da ake buƙata don yin wannan aikin a sikelin samarwa ya haɗa da sinadarai, haɓakar ruwa, da sarrafa tsari wanda ya ɗauki masana'antar kera motoci shekaru da yawa don tacewa.

The Electrochemistry Behind Film Formation

Lokacin da halin yanzu kai tsaye ya wuce ta cikin wanka mai rufi, abubuwa daban-daban guda huɗu suna faruwa a lokaci guda. Electrophoresis yana matsar da guduro da aka caje da ɓangarorin pigment zuwa wurin aikin. Electrodeposition yana haifar da waɗancan ɓangarorin su rasa cajin su kuma suyi hazo azaman fim mai daidaituwa. Electrolysis yana haifar da hydrogen a cathode da oxygen a anode. Electroosmosis yana tilastawa kwayoyin ruwa daga cikin sabon rufin da aka ajiye, yana mai da fim din kafin ya bar tanki.

Sakamakon shine rufin da ke zagaye da gefuna, ya shiga cikin wuraren da aka ajiye, kuma ya gina kansa -iyakantaccen kauri wanda aka ƙaddara ta ƙarfin lantarki na fim ɗin da aka ajiye. Da zarar rufin ya kai wani kauri, sai ya keɓe saman wanda ya isa ya gangarowa da kuma tsayawa. Wannan kai{3}}iyakantaccen ɗabi'a yana bayyana dalilin da yasa e{4}shafi ke samar da fina-finai iri ɗaya na ban mamaki a cikin hadaddun geometries{5}wani abu mai fesa kawai ba zai iya daidaitawa akan sassa masu kogon ciki da santsi.

Don gidajen batir na ƙarfe waɗanda za su yi amfani da rayuwar sabis ɗin su ga gishirin hanya da hawan keke, wannan bambanci yana da mahimmanci. Anodic e-shafi har yanzu yana da aikace-aikace{2}}ƙananan yanayin zafi yana aiki mafi kyau don zafi{3}}majalisun masu hankali{4}amma shingen baturi na lithium yana aiki tare da daidaitaccen sanyi{5}}arfe na birgima kusan ko'ina yana ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin cathodic epoxy.

Abin Da Yake Faruwa A Cikin Tanki

Wankin da aka shafa ya yi kama da yaudara mai sauƙi: kashi 80-90 cikin ɗari da aka lalatar da ruwa mai ɗauke da daskararrun fenti na kashi 10-20 cikin ɗari ƙarƙashin tashin hankali akai-akai. Amma kiyaye wannan wanka a cikin samarwa yana buƙatar kulawar yau da kullun zuwa dozin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. Ƙaƙƙarfan abun ciki yana ɓarna azaman adibas na kayan abu akan sassa. pH yana canzawa yayin da samfuran acid suka taru. Canje-canjen haɓakawa tare da gurɓatawa daga ɗigon ruwa da samfuran lalacewa. Zazzabi yana rinjayar danko da ƙimar ajiya.

Manufofin Tsari

• 18-20 bisa dari daskararru
• pH tsakanin 5.9 da 6.3
• Yawan aiki: 1100-1500 µS/cm
• Zazzabi: 28-32 digiri

Injiniyoyin tsarin mu suna yin niyya da daskararru 18-20 bisa dari, pH tsakanin 5.9 da 6.3, haɓakawa daga 1100 zuwa 1500 microsiemens a santimita, da zafin wanka a digiri 28-32 Celsius. Waɗannan jeri sun fito ne daga ƙayyadaddun kayan da aka tace da su cikin shekarun da suka gabata na ƙwarewar kera motoci. Komawa daga gare su ba lallai ba ne ya haifar da gazawa nan da nan, amma yana canza tagar tsari kuma yana ƙara sauye-sauye a cikin ginin fim, bayyanar, da aikin lalata.

Aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki yana buƙatar haɓaka mai sarrafawa. Buga kayan aikin tare da cikakken ƙarfin lantarki nan da nan yana haifar da halin yanzu don tattarawa a gefuna masu kaifi da wuraren bakin ciki, mai yuwuwar ruguza fim ɗin ajiya da ƙirƙirar raƙuman ruwa waɗanda suka kashe tiren baturi a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ramp goma zuwa goma sha biyar na biyu zuwa ƙarfin aiki tsakanin 150 da 350 volts yana ba da damar rarraba na yanzu don daidaitawa a saman. Lokacin nutsewa na 120-180 seconds yana ba da ingantaccen ginin fim ba tare da ɓarna na tsawaita hawan keke ba.

Dangantakar coulombic {{0}kusan 1.2 zuwa 1.4 coulombs a kowane santimita murabba'in murabba'in murabba'in centimita tana ba wa ƙungiyoyin samarwa kayan aikin tsinkaya don sarrafa tsari. Idan sassa sun fito sirara, duba fitowar mai gyara. Idan kauri ya bambanta a fadin kaya, bincika jeri na lantarki da kewayar wanka.

Magani Yana Kayyade Komai

Ga gaskiya mara dadi game da lantarki: e{0}coat kanta ba kasafai ke haifar da gazawar filin ba. Pretreatment yayi. Kowace matsala ta lalata da muka samo baya ta hanyar samar da kayan aikinmu ta samo asali ne daga rashin isassun tsaftacewa, rashin dacewa da phosphating, ko gurɓata tsakanin matakan tsari.

Ƙarfe na buƙatar sassauƙa don cire mai mai tati da kuma sarrafa ƙasa waɗanda ke hana haɗin haɗin sinadarai. Tsaftacewa ta Ultrasonic a digiri 60 ma'aunin celcius na tsawon mintuna uku tare da kurkurawar matsa lamba mai tsayi a 0.3 megapascals yana kawar da mafi yawan gurɓatawa. Amma "mafi yawan" ba su da kyau ga sassan da ke buƙatar tsira awa 1000 na gwajin feshin gishiri.

Rufin jujjuyawar phosphate yana haifar da ƙananan ƙirar crystalline da ke ɗaukar fim ɗin halitta zuwa ƙarfe. Tsarukan phosphate na Zinc da ke niyya gram 2{5}4 a kowace murabba'in mita tare da girman crystal ƙasa da mitoci 5 sun zama mizanin mota. Lu'ulu'u suna ba da haɗin kai na inji yayin da Layer phosphate ya ƙara hana lalatawar kansa. Tsallake wannan matakin ko gudanar da shi da kyau, kuma ko da ingantaccen fim ɗin e-coat zai lalata lokacin da lalata ta fara a wurin sadarwa.

A karshe kurkura kafin electrocoating dole ne ya kawo surface conductivity kasa 10 microsiemens a kowace centimita. Haɓakawa mafi girma yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na halin yanzu a cikin tankin e{2} kuma yana samar da wuraren ruwa da alamun kwarara waɗanda ingantattun masu duba ke ƙi a gani.

Haƙiƙanin Kayan Aiki

Tsarin tanki yana bin sassan da aka rufe. Tankuna rectangular sun dace da tsarin ƙididdigewa inda lodi ke zaune a kafaffen matsayi. Jirgin ruwa - Tankuna masu siffa tare da ɓangarorin shiga da fita suna ɗaukar masu jigilar dogo masu ci gaba. Filayen ciki yana buƙatar gilashin{4}}fiber{5}}ƙarfafan insulin filastik wanda aka kimanta zuwa 20,000 volts don hana ɗigogi na yanzu da tabbatar da filin lantarki ya mai da hankali kan kayan aiki maimakon bangon tanki.

Tsarin kewayawa yana ci gaba da aiki{0}} yana rufe su sama da awanni biyu kuma daskararrun sun fara daidaitawa zuwa ƙasa. Famfunan da aka ƙima don jujjuyawa uku zuwa huɗu a kowace awa suna kula da rarraba iri ɗaya. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙasa sama da mita 0.4 a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya suna hana matattun wuraren da ɓangarorin launi masu nauyi suka taru.

Tsarin ultrafiltration yana fitar da ruwa mai tsafta mai tsaftar ruwa mai tsafta tare da ƙarancin nauyin kwayoyin halitta{1} daga wanka don amfani a bayan{2}} matakan wankewa. Wannan rufaffiyar madauki yana dawo da kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari na kayan da aka ja daga sassa, yana rage duka farashin albarkatun ƙasa da nauyin kula da ruwan sha. Yin aiki tare da masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke buƙatar suturar manyan wurare a kan magudanar ruwa, wannan ingantaccen farfadowa yana shafar tattalin arzikin samarwa kai tsaye.

Tsarin anode ya cancanci kulawa fiye da yadda ake karɓa. Semi -Maɓalli masu yuwuwa da ke kewaye da anodes suna ba da damar samfuran ionic su wuce yayin da suke riƙe da guduro da pigment. Ruwan anolyte acidifies yayin da ake ci gaba da samarwa; Tsarukan sarrafa ɗawainiya suna zubar da jini mai cike da anolyte kuma su maye gurbin shi da ruwan da aka ƙera don kiyaye ma'aunin ionic. Yi watsi da wannan da'irar kuma sinadarai na wanka suna tafiya har sai ingancin sutura ya zama mara tabbas.

Gwaji Abin Da Ya Shafa

Bayyanar feshin gishiri a kowane ASTM B117 ya kasance daidaitaccen gwajin lalata duk da iyakancewar sa. Yanayin gwaji{4}} 5 kashi 5 na maganin sodium chloride a ma'aunin Celsius 35 tare da ci gaba da fallasa hazo{5}}yana ƙara lalata amma baya maimaita busasshiyar keken keke, balaguron zafin jiki, da gurɓatar da sassan ke fuskanta a ainihin sabis.

Don abubuwan farko na epoxy na cathodic akan karfen phosphated a 20-35 micrometers busassun kauri na fim, ƙayyadaddun bayanai yawanci suna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 1000 tare da raƙuman rubutu iyakance zuwa milimita 2 gefe ɗaya.Masu samar da gidaje na baturi na al'adasau da yawa tura wannan zuwa sa'o'i 1500 idan an haɗa shi da zinc{1}} nickel plating akan ma'auni. Gwajin lalata cyclic wanda ya ƙunshi feshin gishiri, jiƙan zafi, bushewa{3}, da daskare hawan keke yana ba da kyakkyawar alaƙa ga aikin filin amma yana ɗaukar tsayi da ƙari.

Cross{0}} Gwajin ƙyanƙyashe ƙyanƙyashe a kowane ASTM D3359 yana kama da gazawar maganin kafin su zama matsalolin filin. Tasirin juriya a kilogiram 50 - yana tabbatar da cewa fim ɗin zai iya tsira daga aikin injin da ke faruwa yayin haɗar fakitin baturi. Taurin fenti na 2H ko mafi girma yana nuna cikakkiyar magani{7}fina-finan da ba a gasa ba suna jin wahala amma suna ci gaba da aiki da sinadarai kuma suna raguwa cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin fallasa muhalli.

Sa ido kan wanka na yau da kullun yana bin sigogin da ke hasashen ingancin sutura: abun ciki mai ƙarfi, pigment{0}}zuwa{1}} rabon ɗaure, pH, conductivity, neutralization daidai. Lokacin da ɗayan waɗannan ke nitsewa waje ƙayyadaddun bayanai, injiniyoyin aikin suna bincika kafin gudanar da samarwa. Jiran dubawa mai inganci don kama matsaloli yana ɓata kayan aiki da iya aiki yayin haɗarin jigilar abokin ciniki.

Inda Wannan Fasaha Ke Bada Kimar Gaskiya

Masana'antar kera ta haifar da haɓakar rufaffiyar e{0} saboda babu wata fasaha da za ta iya daidaita sassan akwatin, gefen gefuna, da tabo gaɓoɓin welded waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin jikin mota. Irin wannan ƙarfin yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ma'aunin baturi don motocin lantarki.

Tirelolin batirin ƙarfe suna cin karo da feshin hanya, de{0} sinadarai na ƙanƙara, hawan keke, da tasirin dutse lokaci-lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu. Tsarin kariyar lalata dole ne ya rayu tsawon shekaru 15 ko mil 150,000 a cikin mafi girman yanayin aiki - tunanin manyan hanyoyin gishiri a cikin Scandinavia ko hanyoyin bakin teku a cikin yanayi masu zafi. E -shafi yana samar da nau'in tushe mai ɗaiɗai wanda ke hana ƙaddamar da lalatawa a cikin ɗumbin walda, Laser{8} yanke gefuna, da kafaffun sasanninta waɗanda za a rasa ko kuma ba a rufe su ta hanyar aikace-aikacen feshi.

Ƙungiyarmu tana da rufaffiyar shingen ƙarfe daga ƙananan gidaje masu ƙarfin 48V zuwa cikakke{1}} manyan tiren batir ɗin da ya wuce murabba'in mita biyu na fili. Amfanin ikon jefa wutar lantarki yana bayyana a fili lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin fentin fenti cikin sashin akwatin da aka rufe. Ko dai ka bar shi ba komai kuma ka yi fatan ba zai taɓa ganin danshi ba, ko kuma ka tono ramukan da za su haifar da ƙarin wuraren fara lalata. E{5}shafi yana shiga cikin kowane rami wanda wanka zai iya cikawa, yana ba da cikakkiyar kariya ba tare da tsangwama ba.

Ƙarƙashin ƙirar ƙirar zafin jiki- wanda ke magance zafin ji na samfuran da aka haɗu suna wakiltar ci gaba mai ma'ana donmasana'antun fakitin baturi lithiumwaɗanda suke buƙatar yin amfani da suturar kariya bayan shigarwar tantanin halitta. Daidaitaccen tsarin e{1}}tsarin sutura yana warkar da ma'aunin Celsius 170 na tsawon mintuna 20{4}} yanayin zafi wanda zai lalata sel da na'urorin lantarki. Low-Madaidaicin gasa yana warkewa a digiri 140 na mintuna 15 yana sadaukar da wasu ayyuka na ƙarshe amma ya isa ga yawancin aikace-aikace inda ƙayyadaddun tsarin gasa ke iyakance tasirin zafi.

Ƙayyadaddun Ƙa'idar aiki da Ciniki

Zaɓuɓɓukan launi suna iyakance idan aka kwatanta da murfin foda ko fenti na ruwa. Yawancin tsarin suturar e{1} yana gudana baƙar fata ko launin toka; canza launuka yana buƙatar tsaftace tanki wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki da ɓarna kayan. Wasu wurare suna aiki da tankuna masu yawa don launuka daban-daban, amma wannan yana ninka babban birnin da buƙatun sararin bene.

Bukatar magani tana ƙuntata zaɓin ƙasa. Sassan da ba za su iya jure 140{2}175 digiri Celsius don sake zagayowar magani{3}}wasu robobi, pre{4}}haɗe-haɗe tare da zafin jiki{5} abubuwa masu hankali, sassa tare da latsawa{6}} fit bearings- suna buƙatar madadin hanyoyin rufewa. Tsarin e-coat na Anodic yana ba da ƙananan yanayin zafi amma sadaukar da aikin lalata.

Yarda da muhalli ya zama mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙarfi{0}tsarin feshi. E-wayoyin wanka suna ƙunshe da ƙananan mahaɗan ma'auni, biyan buƙatun EPA da CARB ba tare da kayan sarrafa hayaki ba. Rufewar tsarin kurkura - yana rage yawan ruwa da zubar da ruwa. Amma wanka da kansa yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali{6}} an kashe anolyte yana buƙatar neutralization, ultrafiltration membranes na buƙatar zubarwa bayan watanni 18-36 na sabis, kuma sludge phosphate daga pretreatment yana ƙunshe da ƙayyadaddun karafa.

Lokacin Outsourcing Yana Da Ma'ana

Da yawalithium iron phosphate masu ba da baturida masu ƙirƙira shinge suna ba da wutar lantarki zuwa shagunan ayyuka na musamman maimakon saka hannun jari a cikin kayan da aka kama. Wannan yana da ma'anar tattalin arziƙi lokacin da ƙididdigan samarwa ba su ba da damar sadaukar da kai ba, lokacin da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da yawa ke buƙatar sassauƙa waɗanda layukan manufa guda ɗaya ba za su iya bayarwa ba, ko lokacin da ƙwarewar fasaha don sarrafa wanka da sarrafa ingancin ta faɗi a waje da manyan iyakoki.

Ciniki shine haɗarin sarkar kayayyaki. Lokutan jagorar sutura suna ƙara kwanaki zuwa jadawalin samarwa. Ingancin ya dogara ne akan tsarin tsarin shagon aiki maimakon sarrafawar cikin gida. Sufuri tsakanin masana'anta da wuraren rufewa yana ƙara farashi da ɗaukar hoto.

Hanyarmu ta kasance don cancantar tushen sutura da yawa, samar da cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla da ke nuna sigogin tsari da buƙatun gwaji da aka kwatanta a sama, da kuma duba ingancin shigowa akan kowane jigilar kaya. Lokacin da muka sami al'amurra, za mu bi diddigin su ta hanyar tsarin sutura don gano tushen tushen maimakon kawai ƙin ɓangarorin. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya inganta inganci a masu samar da kayan shafa yayin da muke ba mu sassauci don canza ƙara kamar yadda buƙatun ke canzawa.

E{0}Fasaha na sutura ta sami matsayinta a matsayin babban tsarin da ake amfani da shi don kariyar lalata akan abubuwan ƙarfe. Haɗin ɗaukar hoto iri ɗaya, kaddarorin fina-finai masu sarrafawa, yarda da muhalli, da ingantaccen samarwa sun sa ya zama tabbataccen zaɓi don shingen baturi da abubuwan haɗin ginin da ke buƙatar dorewar dogon lokaci a cikin mahallin sabis na tashin hankali. Fahimtar sigogin tsari, bukatu masu inganci, da iyakoki masu amfani yana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin injiniya su ƙididdige tsarin sutura waɗanda ke sadar da ingantaccen aiki maimakon fatan cewa babban kira zai samar da sakamako mai karɓuwa.