Gabatarwa ga Batirin Lithium{0}ion
Ƙa'idar Aiki na Batirin Lithium{0}ion
Batirin lithium{0}ion yana ƙunshe da ingantacciyar lantarki, gurɓataccen lantarki, electrolyte da ke gudanar da ions lithium, damai rabada casing cewa raba tabbatacce da korau electrodes. Ingancin kayan lantarki gabaɗaya fili ne wanda ke ba da damar sake jujjuyawa da haɓakar ions lithium, irin su lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), ko kayan ƙasa. (LiCoₓNiᵧMn₁₋ₓ₋ᵧO₂). A electrolyte kunshi lithium salts (na kowa lithium salts sun hada da LiClO₄, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiBOB, da dai sauransu.) narkar da a wani takamaiman ƙarfi (yafi cakuda ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene. Kayan raba gabaɗaya guduro ne na polyolefin, yawanci yana amfani da guda ɗaya -Layer ko Multi-Layer polypropylene (PP) da polyethylene (PE) membranes microporous, irin su Celgard 2300 separator. Wutar lantarki mara kyau takan yi amfani da kayan da ke da ikon tsaka-tsakin lithium, kamar su coke na man fetur, graphite mai tsabta, da graphite mai gauraya carbon. Halin da ke cikin baturi na lithium{10} ion ta amfani da carbon (C₆) azaman gurɓataccen lantarki da canjin ƙarfe oxide LiMeO₂ kamar ingantaccen lantarki shine kamar haka.
Lokacin caji:
Lokacin fitarwa:
A lokacin caji, ana fitar da ions lithium daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki kuma a saka su cikin gurɓataccen lantarki; yayin fitarwa, ana fitar da ions lithium daga mummunan lantarki kuma a saka su cikin ingantaccen lantarki. A wasu kalmomi, yayin caji da fitarwa, lithium ions suna komawa da gaba tsakanin ingantattun na'urorin lantarki da marasa kyau, kamar kujera mai girgiza. Don haka, batirin lithium{2}} ana kuma kiransa "batir ɗin kujera." Ana iya kwatanta ƙa'idodin aikin su ta Hoto 1.1.
Karkashin yanayin caji da fitarwa na yau da kullun, shigarwa da cirewar lithium ions tsakanin sinadarai na carbon da barbashi oxide ko tsakanin yadudduka a cikin batir lithium{0} ion gabaɗaya yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin tazarar tsaka-tsakin kuma baya lalata tsarin crystal. Yayin caji da fitarwa, sifofin sinadarai na ingantattun kayan lantarki da mara kyau suna kasancewa da gaske ba su canzawa. Don haka, ta fuskar juyar da cajin - amsawar fitarwa, sakawa da kuma fitar da ions lithium a cikin kayan baturi shine kyakkyawan tsarin amsawa. Dangane da waɗannan halayen, batir lithium{5} ion sun fi ƙarfin aiki fiye da nickel{6}}cadmium da nickel{7}}batir hydride na ƙarfe.
Lithium{0} ion baturi Rabe-rabe
Ana iya rarraba batirin lithium ion bisa ga kayan cathode da aka yi amfani da su, kamanni da girma, hanyar kera tantanin halitta, nau'in marufi, da halayen aikace-aikace.
Dangane da kayan cathode da aka yi amfani da su, ana iya raba batir lithium{0}ion zuwa baturan lithium cobalt oxide, baturan lithium manganese oxide, baturan lithium na ternary, da baturan ƙarfe phosphate na lithium.
Batirin lithium cobalt oxide suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na 3.7V da kewayon ƙarfin aiki na 2.4 ~ 4.2V. Batirin lithium cobalt oxide suna da tsayayyen tsari, babban ƙayyadaddun iya aiki, da kuma yin fice gabaɗaya, amma amincin su ba shi da kyau kuma farashinsu yana da yawa, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin ƙanana da matsakaita{4}} sel masu girma. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, an samar da kayan aikin lithium cobalt oxide mai girma -, wanda zai iya ƙara girman iyakar ƙarfin baturi zuwa 4.3V ko 4.35V, ta yadda zai inganta ƙarfin baturi da ƙarfin kuzari. A halin yanzu, batirin lithium cobalt oxide suna da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, wanda ya kai 550Wh/kg, yana mai da su zaɓi kawai don ƙarfafa manyan wayoyin hannu da sauran samfuran lantarki.
Batir lithium manganese oxide (MMANO) suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na 3.8V da kewayon ƙarfin aiki na 2.5V zuwa 4.2V. Wutar kariyar wuce gona da iri ita ce 4.28V ± 0.025V, kuma sama da - ƙarfin lantarkin kariyar fitarwa shine 2.5V ± 0.1V. Batirin MMANO ba su da tsada kuma suna da lafiya mai kyau. Duk da haka, lithium manganese oxide abu da kansa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana da wuyar lalacewa, yana haifar da gas da kumburi. Rayuwar ta zagayowar tana rubewa da sauri, rayuwar sa ba ta da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma yawan zafinta yana da rauni. Ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan{15}} farashi, matsakaita{16}}zuwa{17}}manyan{18}} sel don kera batura masu ƙarfi.
Batirin lithium na ternary - ion (TLC) suna da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na 3.6V da kewayon ƙarfin aiki na 2.75V zuwa 4.2V. Wutar kariya ta wuce gona da iri ita ce 4.28V ± 0.025V, kuma sama da - ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa shine 2.75V ± 0.1V. Batirin TLC suna da kyakkyawan aiki gaba ɗaya, sun fi arha fiye da lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), kuma suna ba da ingantaccen aminci. Ana iya amfani da su a cikin batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma kasuwarsu ta kasuwa a kasuwar kayan cathode tana karuwa kowace shekara. Ƙananan batir lithium{13} ion masu amfani da ternary lithium{14}}kayan kasuwa sannu a hankali ana karɓar su. Hakanan ana iya haɗa kayan ƙasa da lithium cobalt oxide da lithium manganese oxide don amfani a cikin ƙarfe{16}}kased, aluminum{17}}kasad, jaka, polymer, da cylindrical lithium batir, wanda zai iya rage farashin baturi da haɓaka aikin gabaɗaya. A halin yanzu, baturan abu na ternary na iya samun ƙarfin ƙarfin 180 Wh/kg (26650 karfe{22}}batir ɗin da aka ajiye na iya kaiwa ƙarfin 4600 mAh/kg tare da nauyin 90g), yana ba da fa'ida bayyananne cikin farashi{25} tasiri.
Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate (LFP) baturi suna da maras muhimmanci irin ƙarfin lantarki na 3.2V da wani aiki ƙarfin lantarki kewayon 2.5 ~ 3.75V. Wutar kariyar wuce gona da iri ita ce 3.75V±0.025V, kuma sama da - ƙarfin lantarkin kariyar fitarwa shine 2.5V±0.1V. Babban fa'idar batir LFP shine kwanciyar hankali da rashin ruɓewar ingantaccen kayan lantarki, yana ba su tsaro mara misaltuwa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ingantattun tsarin kayan lantarki. Batura na LFP suna da tsawon rayuwar zagayowar, suna da yawa a cikin albarkatu, kuma suna da alaƙa da muhalli. Duk da haka, suna da ƙaramin dandamalin fitarwa da ƙarancin aikin zafi{13}}.
Dangane da kamanni da girma, ana iya raba batir lithium{0}ion zuwa batura masu siliki da batura masu prismatic, da sauransu.
Dangane da hanyar kera tantanin halitta, ana iya raba batirin lithium{0}ion zuwa batura masu rauni (rauni na silinda da rauni mai lebur), batura masu tarin yawa, da sauransu.
Dangane da nau'in kayan tattarawa, ana iya raba batir lithium{0} ion zuwa karfe{1}}batir mai kaset, aluminum{2}}batir mai kaset, robobi -batir ɗin cased, batir mai taushi-fakitin baturi, da sauransu.
Dangane da halayen aikace-aikacen, ana iya raba batir lithium{0}ion zuwa manyan batir masu zafi, ƙananan batir masu zafi, batura masu ƙarfi, da batura masu ƙarfi, da sauransu.
Dangane da wuraren aikace-aikacen su, ana iya ƙirƙira batir lithium{0}ion kamar: batir na baya, batir mai ƙarfi, da baturan ajiyar kuzari.
Aikace-aikacen Batirin Lithium{0}ion
Ana iya cewa tun da aka ƙirƙiro batirin, babu wani samfurin baturi da aka yi amfani da shi cikin sauri da yaɗuwa kamar batirin lithium{0}}. Daga agogon wutar lantarki don CPUs na kwamfuta zuwa manyan fakitin baturi na lithium{2} ion da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci da jiragen ruwa, bambancin iya aiki ya fi sau miliyan 10. Suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, kayan aikin likita, motocin lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki, sararin samaniya, da sojoji.
Bayan fiye da shekaru 10 na shahara, batir lithium{1}ion sun zama tsarin wutar lantarki tilo da ake amfani dashi a cikin samfuran dijital kamar wayoyin hannu da kwamfyutoci. Saboda yawan kuzarin da suke da shi, ana kuma amfani da su sosai a kayan aikin wuta, kekuna masu lantarki, motocin bas ɗin lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki da iska da hasken rana, tashoshin sadarwar wayar hannu, samar da wutar lantarki na ma'adinai, samar da wutar lantarki na ceton ma'adinai, kayan aikin sojan mutum ɗaya na soja, rediyo, batirin tauraron dan adam, da sauran aikace-aikace da yawa. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a shekarar 2011, girman kasuwar batirin lithium na kasar Sin ya kai yuan biliyan 39.7, a kowace shekara -a{7}} ya karu da kashi 43 cikin 100, kuma yawan batirin lithium a duk shekara ya kai raka'a biliyan 2.97, a shekara{10}a- ya karu da kashi 8.6%. Masana'antar batirin lithium ta zama muhimmin alkiblar masana'antu na tattalin arzikin ƙasa²¹.
