Menene tsarin sarrafa amincin baturi?
kula da aminci
Tsarin kula da amincin baturi da farko yana tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki na fakitin baturin, yana hana shi kama wuta saboda tsananin zafi ko kasawa saboda ƙarancin zafi. Saboda fakitin baturi babban na'ura ne mai ƙarfi{1}, babban tsarin kariyar kariyar wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin mazauna abin hawa da masu tafiya a ƙasa. Dole ne tsarin sarrafa amincin baturi ya iya haɓaka aikin baturi da abin hawa yayin tabbatar da amintaccen aikin abin hawa. Haɓaka tsarin kula da amincin baturi yana da matukar mahimmanci don tabbatar da amincin rayuwa da dukiyoyi da haɓaka haɓakar motocin lantarki.
Tsarin gwaji mai ƙarfi-
Na'urorin ajiyar makamashi a cikin motocin lantarki, kamar fakitin baturin wuta, ƙwayoyin mai, ko masu ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, suna aiki a ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya wuce kewayon ƙarfin lantarki mai aminci ga jikin ɗan adam; wasu motocin bas din wutar lantarki ma suna da fakitin baturi da ke aiki a 600V. Ayyukan insulating kayan da ke cikin abin hawa yana raguwa a hankali yayin amfani da shi saboda lalacewa da tsagewa, kuma ƙara yawan zafi shima yana rage aikin rufewa tsakanin babban baturin wutar lantarki da chassis. Lokacin da rufin insulation na tabbataccen tasha masu kyau da mara kyau na baturi ya zo cikin hulɗa da chassis, ana ƙirƙiri madauki na yanzu mai ɗigo, yana shafar aikin mai sarrafa motar, sauran ƙananan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, har ma da haɗari ga lafiyar fasinja. Lokacin da rufin tsakanin maki da yawa na da'irar fakitin baturi da shekarun chassis, zubar da kai da tara kuzari suna faruwa, mai yuwuwar haifar da wuta a lokuta masu tsanani. Don tabbatar da amintaccen aiki na abin hawa, dole ne a shigar da na'urar gano aikin rufewa don lura da juriya mai ƙarfi tsakanin babban tsarin wutar lantarki da chassis a ainihin lokacin.
Hanyoyin gwajin rufe fuska da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da:
1. Hanyar Aunawar Leaka Kai tsaye
A cikin tsarin DC, wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi dacewa. Saita multimeter zuwa kewayon halin yanzu kuma haɗa shi a jeri tsakanin ingantacciyar tasha na fakitin baturi da rumbun na'urar (ko ƙasa). Wannan zai gano ɗigogi na halin yanzu tsakanin mummunan tasha na fakitin baturi da casa. Hakazalika, ana iya haɗa shi a jeri tsakanin madaidaicin madaidaicin da murfi don gano ɗigogi na halin yanzu tsakanin madaidaicin tasha da casing. Wannan hanya mai sauƙi ce kuma mai sauƙin aiwatarwa, kuma ana amfani da ita a {4}} gano kuskuren rukunin yanar gizo da kuma binciken abin hawa na yau da kullun.
2. Hanyar Ji na Yanzu
Babban firikwensin tasirin Hall na yanzu hanya ce ta gama gari don gano yabo a cikin manyan tsarin wutar lantarki na DC{{0}. Ingantattun bas ɗin wutar lantarki da mara kyau na tsarin baturi suna wucewa tare a hanya ɗaya ta hanyar firikwensin halin yanzu. Lokacin da babu yayyo halin yanzu, na yanzu gudana daga tabbatacce m daidai yake da na yanzu komawa zuwa korau m. Don haka, abin da ke wucewa ta firikwensin yanzu ba shi da sifili, kuma ƙarfin firikwensin firikwensin na yanzu ba shi da sifili. Lokacin da yayyo ya faru, ƙarfin fitarwa na firikwensin na yanzu ba sifili bane. Ana iya amfani da alamar wannan ƙarfin lantarki don ƙara tantance ko ɗigon ruwan ya samo asali daga tabbatacce ko mara kyau na wutar lantarki. Koyaya, wannan hanyar gwaji tana buƙatar fakitin baturin da ke ƙarƙashin gwajin ya kasance yana aiki, tare da shigar yanzu da waje. Ba zai iya kimanta aikin rufewar tsarin baturi zuwa ƙasa ƙarƙashin babu wani sharadi-.
3. Hanyar Ma'auni Resistance Meter
Wannan hanyar tana amfani da mitar juriya don auna ƙimar juriya na rufin. Mitar juriya, wanda akafi sani da megohmmeter, galibi ana yin amfani da shi ta hannu{1}}janeta mai fashe, don haka ake kira megohmmeter. Ma'auninsa ya dogara ne akan juriya na rufewa kuma kayan aiki ne da aka saba amfani da shi a aikin injiniyan lantarki. An nuna ƙa'idar aikinsa a cikin hoto 8-29.
Na'urar tana aiki ta hanyar ban sha'awa na'urar ko hanyar sadarwa a ƙarƙashin gwaji tare da ƙarfin lantarki, sannan auna ƙarfin halin yanzu da kuzarin ya haifar, da amfani da dokar Ohm don auna juriya. Mitar juriya yawanci ta ƙunshi sassa biyu: hannu{1}}jararriyar janareta da mitar rabo na magnetoelectric. Ta hanyar murƙushe hannun, hannu{3}}jararrun janareta yana haifar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC, wanda diode ke gyara shi don samar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC don aunawa. Mitar rabo na magnetoelectric sannan auna ma'auni na halin yanzu a cikin na'urar wutar lantarki da na'urar na yanzu, kuma mai nuna alama yana nuna ma'aunin juriya.
Hanyoyi ukun da ke sama duk suna amfani da kayan aikin mallaka don yoyo halin yanzu da gwajin juriya, wanda ke gabatar da wasu matsaloli don haɗawa cikin tsarin sarrafa baturi. An fi amfani da hanyoyin auna kewaye a tsarin sarrafa baturi. An nuna ƙa'idar ma'aunin rufe wutar lantarki na DC da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin hoto 8-30.
A cikin wannan zanen toshe, R₁, R₂, R₃, da R₄ suna da tsayi{0}}juriya resistors (misali, 500kΩ ko sama), tabbatar da cewa matakin rufewa baya raguwa ta hanyar wucin gadi yayin aunawa. Rₙ da Rₚ sune juriya na insulation na ingantattun tashoshi masu kyau da mara kyau na fakitin baturi zuwa jikin abin hawa, bi da bi. R' da R" sune masu rarraba wutar lantarki tare da ƙananan juriya (misali, a kusa da 2000Ω), suna ba da damar A{9}}D guntu juzu'i don samun siginar analog na matakin mV{10} akan su.
Lokacin da sauyawa S ke cikin kashewa, ana iya samun ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki a tsakanin Rₙ da Rₚ ta guntu mai aunawa, wanda ke haifar da ma'auni mai zuwa:
A cikin dabarar, V₁ da V₂ suna wakiltar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙasa na ingantattun bus ɗin bas ɗin mara kyau da mara kyau lokacin da aka buɗe S.
Hakazalika, lokacin da aka rufe maɓallin S, ana iya samun wani ma'auni:
A cikin dabarar, V'₁ da V'₂ suna wakiltar ingantattun ƙarfin ƙarfin bus ɗin mara kyau da mara kyau zuwa ƙasa lokacin da aka rufe S.
Tun da juriya dabi'u na jerin resistors R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R, da R' da aka sani, da tsarin na equations (8-5) da (8-6) za a iya amfani da su warware R₊ da R₋.
Sauran hanyoyin auna juriya da ake amfani da su a tsarin sarrafa baturi sun haɗa da daidaitaccen hanyar gada, babbar hanyar allurar sigina mai girma, da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki. Yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na batura ya karu kuma aikace-aikacen su ya zama mafi yaduwa, amincin kariya na motocin lantarki yana ƙara zama mahimmanci, kuma masu bincike suna ci gaba da ƙira da tabbatar da hanyoyi daban-daban na saka idanu.
Ƙarfin Ƙarfi
SOP (Jihar Ƙarfi) ita ce iyakar ƙarfin da baturi zai iya fitarwa ko ɗauka a cikin ƙayyadaddun tazarar lokaci. Ana amfani da ƙarfin kololuwa don ƙididdige iyakokin caji da fitarwa na baturi mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin jihohi daban-daban na caji, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka daidaitawa tsakanin fakitin baturin wuta da aikin ƙarfin abin hawa, tare da haɓaka aikin sabunta birki na injin lantarki. Hakanan yana da mahimmancin ƙima da ƙima don amfani da batura masu ma'ana, guje wa yin caji fiye da yin caji, inganta amincin baturi, da tsawaita rayuwar baturi. Koyaya, ƙarfin kololuwar baturi yana ƙarƙashin iyakokin aminci da yawa; kawai mafi girman iko a cikin waɗannan iyakokin aminci yana da mahimmancin aiki. Wannan sashe yana tattauna wasu sigogin baturi waɗanda ke iyakance ƙarfin kololuwa da bincika alaƙar amincin baturi da ƙarfin kololuwa.
1. Zazzabi -Tsarin Matsala
Ƙarfafawar wutar lantarki da ayyukan anode da kayan cathode suna canzawa tare da zafin jiki, don haka yana rinjayar iyakar cajin baturi da ikon fitarwa. Adadin amsawar na'urorin lantarki yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu. Zazzabi kuma yana rinjayar yawan jigilar ions da electrons a cikin electrolyte. Waɗannan ƙimar suna ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki kuma akasin haka. Bugu da ƙari, idan zafin jiki ya yi girma, ya wuce ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki, ma'aunin sinadarai na cikin baturi zai rushe, yana haifar da matsalolin amincin baturi.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 8{1}}31, ƙarfin kololuwar ƙarfin baturin yana canzawa tare da zafin jiki, yana nuna madaidaicin lanƙwasa marar layi. Ƙarfin ƙyalli yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu, yana canzawa a hankali a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Ƙarfin ƙoƙon yana ƙaruwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, amma yanayin zafi da yawa yana sa ɓarkewar zafi yana da wahala, yana yin mummunan tasiri ga amincin baturi da tsawon rayuwa.
2. Jihar Caji (SOC) -Tsarin Ƙuntatawa
An ƙirƙira maƙasudin SOC akan SOP (Farkon Aiki) don hana yin caji da ƙari{0}}fitar da baturin wuta yayin aiki, tabbatar da amincin baturi. Lokacin nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin kololuwa da SOC, ana la'akari da tasirin abubuwa kamar zafin jiki da ƙimar caji / fitarwa akan SOC don haɓaka daidaiton ma'aunin SOC. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 8-32, tare da karuwa na State of Charge (SOC), ikon fitarwa yana ƙaruwa yayin da ƙarfin caji ya ragu. Misali, a cikin kewayon SOC guda ɗaya, lokacin da SOC ya ƙaru daga 10% zuwa 90%, ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma yana ƙaruwa daga 222W zuwa 693W, yayin da mafi girman ƙarfin caji ya ragu daga 675W zuwa 300W. Nazarin ƙarfin kololuwa a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan SOC daban-daban na iya ƙididdige cajin baturi da ƙarfin fitarwa, samar da bayanai da goyan bayan fasaha don amfani da shi a cikin motocin lantarki.
3. Matsaloli bisa ga Juriya na Ohmic
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 8-33, ƙarfin kololuwar baturi yana kusan sabanin juriya na ciki na ohmic. Ƙananan juriya na ciki na ohmic, mafi girma da sauri mafi girma da ƙarfin wutar lantarki; akasin haka, mafi girman juriya na ciki na ohmic, ƙarami da raguwar fitowar ƙarfin kololuwa.
Yanayin zafin baturin, yanayin caji (SOC), da juriya na ciki duk suna da alaƙa da yanayin amincin sa. Don haka, yanayin aikin baturi (SOP) dole ne ya cika ƙaƙƙarfan da waɗannan abubuwa uku suka ƙulla don tabbatar da aiki lafiya da tsawaita rayuwarsa.
