Menene ainihin ƙa'idodin gwaji da hanyoyin batura masu ƙarfi?
Ka'idoji na asali da hanyoyin Gwajin Baturi
Asalin kaddarorin electrochemical na tushen ƙarfin sinadarai sun haɗa da iya aiki, ƙarfin lantarki, juriya na ciki, kai -fitarwa, aikin ajiya, aiki mai girma da ƙarancin zafin jiki, da sauransu. A matsayin tushen ƙarfin sinadari na musamman na biyu, batirin wutar lantarki kuma sun haɗa da caji da aikin fitarwa, aikin sake zagayowar, matsa lamba na ciki, da sauransu. Saboda haka, babban abin gwajin aiki don ƙwayar baturi guda ɗaya tantanin halitta sun haɗa da: caji da fitarwar aiki, gwajin fitarwa, gwajin ƙarfin aiki da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin gwaji, gwajin ƙarfin aiki da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin aiki gwaji, aikin ajiya da gwajin fitar da kai{3}, gwajin rayuwa, gwajin juriya na ciki, gwajin matsa lamba na ciki, da gwajin aminci, da sauransu.
Daga hangen ainihin aikace-aikacen abin hawa, ana gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwajen da suka dace da amfani da abin hawa tare da fakitin baturin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su ga motocin lantarki azaman abin gwajin, kamar: gano iya aiki a tsaye, gano iya aiki mai ƙarfi, gwajin quiescent, gwajin ƙarfin farawa, gwajin ƙarfin caji mai sauri, gwajin rayuwa na sake zagayowar, gwajin aminci, gwajin girgiza baturi, gano ƙarfin kololuwa, ganowar fitarwa na yanki, matsakaicin gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfi, da sauransu.
(1) Gano Ƙarfin Ƙarfi Babban manufar wannan gwajin ita ce tantance fakitin baturin wutar lantarki yana da isasshen caji da kuzari lokacin da abin hawa ke aiki a zahiri, kuma yana iya aiki akai-akai a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar fitarwa da yanayin zafi daban-daban. Babbar hanyar gwaji ita ce jinkirin gwajin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi akai-akai, kuma fitarwar ta ƙare lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na fakitin baturin wutar lantarki ya faɗi zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙima ko daidaiton sel guda ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturi mai ƙarfi (bambancin ƙarfin lantarki) ya kai ƙima.
(2) Gano Ƙarfin ƘarfiYayin aikin motar lantarki, zafin aiki da adadin fitarwa na baturin wutar lantarki suna da ƙarfi. Wannan gwajin ya fi gano ƙarfin fakitin baturin wuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin fitarwa mai ƙarfi, wanda galibi yana nunawa cikin ƙarfi da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi daban-daban da ƙimar fitarwa. Babban hanyar gwaji shine yin gwajin aikin fakitin wutar lantarki ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanin martaba na yanzu ko bayanin martaba na yanzu da aka tattara daga aikace-aikacen abin hawa. Ana daidaita yanayin ƙarewar gwajin gwargwadon yanayin gwajin da halayen baturin wutar lantarki, amma a zahiri yana bin ƙa'idar faɗuwar wutar lantarki zuwa takamaiman ƙima. Wannan hanya na iya ƙarin kai tsaye da daidai daidai da ainihin buƙatun aikace-aikacen motocin lantarki.
(3) Gwajin QuiescentMakasudin wannan gwajin shine don gano asarar ƙarfin baturin wutar lantarki a lokacin da ba a yi amfani da shi na wani ɗan lokaci ba, wanda ake amfani da shi don kwatanta yanayin da motar lantarki ba ta motsa na wani lokaci ba kuma baturin yana buɗewa-. Hakanan ana kiran gwajin quiescent da kai{2}}gwajin aikin fitar da kaya, wanda ke nufin iyawar baturi don kula da cajin da aka adana a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na muhalli lokacin da yake cikin buɗaɗɗen yanayi-.
(4) Fara Gwajin Wuta Tun da farkon ƙarfin mota yana da girma, don dacewa da farkon motar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, ana fara gwajin wutar lantarki akan fakitin wutar lantarki a ƙananan zafin jiki ($-18\\rubu{digiri }$) da zafin jiki mai girma ($ 50\\rubu{digiri }$). Wannan gwajin, ban da aunawa a zafin daki, gabaɗaya kuma an saita shi tare da ƙimar SOC don tantance ƙarfin fitarwa na baturi a jihohi daban-daban na caji. Gwaje-gwaje gama-gari sune gwajin wutar lantarki da ake gudanarwa a $90\\%$, $50\\%$, da $20\\%$ SOC.
(5) Gwajin Ƙarfin Caji da sauriManufar wannan gwajin ita ce gwada saurin cajin baturin ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwajen caji mai girma{0} akan fakitin baturi, da kuma bincika ingancinsa, samar da zafi, da tasirinsa akan wasu kaddarorin. Don saurin caji, ma'aunin USABC yana nufin SOC baturi don murmurewa daga $40\\%$ zuwa $80\\%$ cikin $15\\rubutu{min}$. A halin yanzu, ƙa'idar da ƙungiyar CHAdeMO ta Japan ta gindaya na buƙatar cajin fakitin baturin wutar lantarki na kusan $10\\rubu{min}$ zai iya ba da tabbacin motar tayi tafiya $50\\rubutu{km}$; cajin sama da $30\\rubutu{min}$ na iya ba da tabbacin abin hawa yana tafiya $100\\rubutu{km}$.
(6) Gwajin Rayuwar ZagayowarRayuwar sake zagayowar baturi kai tsaye tana shafar yuwuwar tattalin arziƙin amfani da baturi. Lokacin da ainihin ƙarfin baturin ya yi ƙasa da $80\\%$ na ƙarfin farko ko ƙimar da aka ƙididdige shi, ana ɗaukar baturin wutar ya kai ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Babban hanyar da ake amfani da ita a cikin wannan gwajin ita ce yin zagayowar caji da fitarwa a wasu sharudda, ta yin amfani da adadin zagayowar a matsayin ma'aunin rayuwarta. Tunda lokacin gwajin rayuwar baturi ya daɗe sosai, gwajin gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa ko ma shekara guda. Sabili da haka, a cikin aiki mai amfani, ana amfani da hanyoyin tantance adadin zagayowar gwaji, auna lalacewar iya aiki, sannan yin fitar da linzamin kwamfuta dangane da wannan bayanan don gwaji. A fagen bincike, domin takaita lokacin gwajin rayuwar batir, ana kuma gudanar da nazari kan kara tsufan batir ta hanyar kara yawan zafin gwaji da caji/fitarwa don gwada rayuwar batirin wuta da fakitin wutar lantarki.
(7) Gwajin TsaroAyyukan aminci na baturi yana nufin kimanta yuwuwar cutarwa ga mutane da kayan aiki waɗanda ƙila su haifar da ajiya da amfani da batir ɗin ajiya. Musamman lokacin da aka yi amfani da baturi, takamaiman shigarwar makamashi yana haifar da abubuwan da ke cikin baturin su fuskanci halayen jiki ko na sinadaran da ke haifar da yawan zafi. Idan zafi ba zai iya bacewa cikin lokaci ba, zai iya haifar da guduwar batir mai zafi. Guduwar zafi na iya sa baturin ya kumbura, ya haifar da iskar gas mai ƙonewa, tsagewa, tsagewa, kuma a haɗa shi da wuta, yana haifar da haɗari na aminci. Daga cikin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da yawa, amincin batirin lithium{4}} yana da mahimmanci musamman. Abubuwan gwajin aminci gama gari don batura masu ƙarfi ana nuna su a cikin Tebur 6-1.
Tebur 6-1 Abubuwan Gwajin Tsaro na gama-gari don Batirin Wuta
| Kashi | Babban Hanyoyin Gwaji |
| Gwajin Ayyukan Wutar Lantarki | Fiye da caji, sama da -aruwa, gajeriyar da'ira ta waje, zafi mai zafi, da sauransu. |
| Gwajin Injini | Faɗuwa kyauta, tasiri, extrusion, rawar jiki, extrusion, da dai sauransu. |
| Gwajin zafi | Ƙonawa, hoto na thermal, zafin zafi, canjin yanayin zafi, da dai sauransu. |
| Gwajin Muhalli | Vacuum kwaikwayo, nutsewa, zafi, da sauransu. |
(8) Gwajin Jijjiga baturiManufar wannan gwajin ita ce gano tasirin girgiza da girgizar da ke faruwa akai-akai da hanyoyi kan ayyuka da rayuwar batirin wuta da fakitin baturi. Gwajin jijjiga baturi ya fi bincika ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi (fakitin) kuma yana amfani da wannan azaman tushe don jagorantar ƙirar ƙirar baturin wuta (fakitin). Akwai nau'ikan jijjiga guda biyu a gwajin jijjiga: girgizar sinusoidal ko girgizar bazuwar. Tunda fakitin batirin wuta galibi ana amfani da su a cikin ababen hawa, ana ɗaukar jijjiga bazuwar gabaɗaya don mafi kyawun kwatancen ainihin yanayin aiki na baturin.
Abubuwan da ke sama kawai wasu buƙatun gabaɗaya ne don gwajin batura (fakitin). Takamaiman sigogi da buƙatun gwajin zasu bambanta dangane da nau'in baturin wutar lantarki. Tebur 6{3}2 yana nuna ƙa'idodin aikin aminci da hanyoyin gwaji don fakitin baturi da tsarin amfani da motocin lantarki.
Tebura 6{1}2 Abubuwan Bukatun Ayyukan Tsaro da Hanyoyin Gwaji don Fakitin Batirin Lithium-ion da Tsarukan A cikin Motocin Lantarki
| Abu | Kashi | Hanyar Gwaji | Bukatun Tsaro |
| Gwajin Tsaro gama gari (Table 6-1) | Gwajin Ayyukan Wutar Lantarki | Fiye da caji, sama da -aruwa, gajeriyar da'ira ta waje, zafi mai zafi, da sauransu. | N/A |
| Gwajin Injini | Faɗuwa kyauta, tasiri, extrusion, rawar jiki, extrusion, da dai sauransu. | N/A | |
| Gwajin zafi | Ƙonawa, hoto na thermal, zafin zafi, canjin yanayin zafi, da dai sauransu. | N/A | |
| Gwajin Muhalli | Vacuum kwaikwayo, nutsewa, zafi, da sauransu. | N/A | |
| EV Li{0}ion Tsaron Baturi (Table 6-2) | Jijjiga | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 1. Koma zuwa buƙatun hawa abin hawa da GB/T 2423.43-2008, shigar akan teburin girgiza. Gwada cikin kwatance 3 ($ Y \\ zuwa X \\ zuwa Z$). Tsari yana nufin GB/T 2423.56-2018. 2. Don shigarwa na ƙananan jiki, gwada sigogi bisa ga 7.1.1.2 a GB/T 31467.3-2015. 3. Lokacin gwaji shine $2\\rubu{h}$ a kowace hanya (ana iya ragewa zuwa $0.5\\rubu{h}$). $2\\rubutu{h}$ ana ba da izinin a lokacin ko bayan $30\\rubutu{min}$. 4. Saka idanu mafi ƙarancin matsayi naúrar (voltage, juriya, temp){16}} Kiyaye $2\\rubu{h}$ yayin gwaji{18}}Don na'urorin lantarki:i. Gaba{1}} an dora: Gwaji akan 7.1.1.2.1 a GB/T 31467.3-2015. Sauran wurare: Gwaji kowane GB/T 28046.3-2011. $2\\rubutu{h}$ a mabambantan kwatance $Z$-axis. Abubuwa na gefe: yanayin tashin hankali da ake gudanarwa. ii. Yi aiki a cikin yanayin $3.2$ akan GB/T 28046.1-2011. | Fakitin baturi ko tsarin dole ne: Ba su da lalata wutar lantarki a mafi ƙarancin sa ido ($< 0.5\text{V}$), remain intact, structure sound, no leakage, no rupture, fire, or explosion. Insulation resistance $\ge 100\text{Ω}/\text{V}$ within $30\text{min}$ after test. Electronic devices: Reliable connection, structure sound, no disconnection. Post-test parameters meet Table 1 in GB/T 31467.3-2015. |
| Girgizar Makanikai | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Koma zuwa 7.2 Shock $25\\rubutu{g}\\rubutu-}15\\rubutu{ms}$ rabin{6} pulse na sine a GB/T 31467.3{9}}2015, lura $3$ a cikin shugabanci $Y$-a. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$. | |
| Sauke | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Zazzage daga $1\\rubutu{m}$ zuwa ƙasa mai wuya a mafi kusantar jujjuya alkibla (in ba haka ba mafi tsayayye yuwuwar juyowar hanya, $X$-gwajin axis), duba $2\\rubu{h}$. | Babu makullin fitarwa na yanzu, hauhawar wutar lantarki ko ɗigo, fashewar cak na waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Mirgine | 1. Abun Gwaji: Kunshin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Koma zuwa 7.3.2 a GB/T 31467.3 tsaya. Duba $2\\rubu{h}$. 3. Juya $360\\rubu{digiri}$ kusa da $X$-axis a $6\\rubutu{digiri}/rubutu{s}$, sannan $90\\rubu{digiri}$ increments, rike $1$rubu{h}$ kowane, $36. Kula da $2\\rubu{h}$. 4. Juya $360\\rubu{digiri}$ kusa da $Y$-axis a $6\\rubu{digiri}/rubutu{s}$, sannan $90\\rubu{digiri }$ increments, rike $1\\rubu{h}$ kowane, $360\\rubutu tsayayye. Kula $2\\rubutu{h}$. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa, da ke da amintaccen haɗi. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Matsakaicin Gradient | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. An saka shi a kwance akan trolley. Maimaita bugun bugun jini da aka ƙayyade a cikin siffa 3 na Tebura 7 a cikin SAE J2380 ko GB/T 31467.3 -2015 (tare da $X$-axis $5\\rubutu{s}$, tare da $Y${11}}axis $5\\rubutu{s}$) a cikin $2-direction na tafiya. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Murkushe | 1. Test Object: Battery Pack or System. 2. Crush conditions: ① Crushing surface: $12.5\text{mm}$ diameter semi-cylinder, length $>$ fadin. ② Hanyar: $X$-axis, $Y${2}}axis. ③ Karfi: Farko $200\\rubutu{kN}$ ko tsaya a $30\\%$ nakasar. ④ Kiyaye $1\\rubutu{h}$. ⑤ Rike akan $10\\rubutu{min}$. | Babu yatsa, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. Babu wuta ko fashewa (don buƙatun na biyu). | |
| Girgizar Zazzabi | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Madadin zafin jiki $(-40\\pm2)\\rubutu{digiri }$, max $30\\rubu{min}$ tsawon lokaci. Ci gaba a kowane matsananci don $6\\rubutu{h}$, zagaye $5$. Kiyaye $2\\rubutu{h}$ a yanayin daki. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Damp Zafin Zagaye | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Koma zuwa GB/T 2423.4-2018 Gwaji datsawar hawan zafi na $Db$. Hoto na 4 a GB/T 31467.3-2015 ($80\\rubutu{digiri}$ max temp), hawan keke $5$. Kiyaye $2\\rubutu{h}$ a yanayin daki. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ cikin $30\\rubutu{min}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Ruwan Teku | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. An haɗa shi cikin aminci tare da haɗin kayan aiki, nutsar da $3.5\\%$ NaCl mafita (ruwa na teku) akan $2 rubutu{h}$ akan ainihin nisan sufuri. Dakatar da ta hanyar nau'in bawul na hydraulic. | Babu wuta ko fashewa. | |
| Wuta ta Waje | 1. Abun Gwaji: Kunshin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Koma zuwa 7.10 Wuta na Waje a GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Babu wuta ko fashewa. Idan harshen wuta ya auku, dole ne a kashe a cikin $2\\rubutu{min}$ bayan cire tushen wuta. | |
| Gishiri Fesa | 1. Abun Gwaji: Kunshin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Koma zuwa 7.11 Salt Spray a cikin GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. | |
| Matsayi Mai Girma | 1. Abun Gwaji: Fakitin Baturi ko Tsarin . 2. Tsayin $4000\\rubutu{m}$ ko daidai matsi, zazzabin ɗaki{3}} An adana shi akan $5\\rubutu{h}$ a yanayin gwaji akan 7.12.2 na GB/T 31467.3{9}}2015{9}}2015, sannan a fitar dashi akan $1\\text $400\\rubutu{A}$) ko don yankewa. Kula $2\\rubutu{h}$. | Babu makullin fitarwa na yanzu, hauhawar wutar lantarki ko ɗigo, fashewar cak na waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Sama da -Kariyar zafin jiki | 1. Abun Gwaji: Tsarin Baturi . 2. Koma zuwa 7.13 Sama da{3}}Kariyar yanayin zafi a GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS zai yi aiki. Babu yoyon iskar gas, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Gajeren Kariya | 1. Abun Gwaji: Tsarin Baturi . 2. Koma zuwa 7.14 Gajeren Kariya a cikin GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Na'urar kariya za ta yi aiki. Babu yatsa, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Kariya fiye da caji | 1. Abun Gwaji: Tsarin Baturi . 2. Koma zuwa 7.15 Ƙarfafa Kariya a GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS zai yi aiki. Babu yoyon iskar gas, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. | |
| Sama da -Kariyar zubar da ruwa | 1. Abun Gwaji: Tsarin Baturi{1}} Koma zuwa 7.16 Sama da{3}}Kariyar zubar da ruwa a GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS zai yi aiki. Babu yoyon iskar gas, fashewar rumbun waje, wuta, ko fashewa. Juriya na insulation $\\ge 100\\rubutu{Ω}/\\rubutu{V}$ bayan gwaji. |
Lura: Tebur 6-2 galibi nassoshi GB/T 31467.3-2015, GB/T 2423.43-2008, GB/T 2423.56-2018, da GB/T 28046.1-2011.
