Menene Tsarin Modular?

An sami kira a watan da ya gabata daga manajan jirgin ruwa a Michigan. Wurin ajiyar sanyi, isa ga manyan motocin da ke tafiyar tafiya uku. Fakitin baturin sa na 80V ya jefa lambar kuskure bayan watanni 14{4}}BMS a kulle, motar ta mutu. An kira mai sayar da shi, an faɗi $22,000 don maye gurbin da jira na mako shida{{8}.

 

Mun tambaye shi ya buga murfin ya aika da wasu hotuna. An juya sel ɗin an manne kai tsaye a tire tare da mannen tsari. Babu kayayyaki, babu damar sabis. Gaba dayan fakitin ya kasance mai ƙarfi guda ɗaya. Duk wanda ya tsara shi wataƙila yana ƙoƙarin fitar da wasu ƙarin Wh/kg don takaddar ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma yanzu wannan mutumin yana biyan wannan shawarar.

 

Wannan shine mahallin lokacin da wani ya tambaye mu game da ƙirar zamani. Ba wai game da ma'anoni ba ne da gaske{1} game da abin da ke faruwa idan al'amura ba su da kyau, wanda koyaushe suke yi.

 

Babban Ra'ayin

Zane mai ma'ana yana nufin tsara sel zuwa raka'a daban (modules) waɗanda zaku iya ciro ku yi aiki akai-akai. Kowane module yana da nasa firam, haɗin wutar lantarki, na'urar yanayin zafi. Lokacin da fakitin yana buƙatar sabis, kuna ma'amala da guntun 5-10 kWh maimakon 60kWh monolith.

Hanyar hanyar -Tantanin halitta{1}zuwa{2}}Pack, Cell-zuwa{4}}Chassis, duk abin da kuke so ku kira shi{5}} yana tsallake waɗannan tsaka-tsakin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Kwayoyin suna shiga kai tsaye zuwa cikin fakitin gidaje ko ma falon abin hawa. Wataƙila kun ga tallace-tallace: Qilin na CATL ya kai 72% yawan amfani da ƙara, sel BYD's Blade suna gudanar da cikakken faɗin tire, Tesla yana walda 4680s ɗin su cikin fakitin tsari.

Waɗannan nasarorin aikin injiniya ne na gaske. Suna da ma'ana ga fasinja EVs inda kowa ke yin gasa akan lambobi kuma kuna fitar da miliyoyin raka'a iri ɗaya. Amma aikace-aikacen masana'antu yanayi ne daban-daban gaba ɗaya.

Inda Matsalolin Suka Bayyana

Lokacin da sel suka haɗe tare da mannen tsari, ba za ku iya raba su ba tare da lalata wani abu ba. Irin waɗannan kayan haɗin ginin thermal waɗanda ke haɓaka canjin zafi kuma suna sa taron duka ya zama dindindin. Tantanin halitta daya yayi muni, fakitin ya lalace.

Masu motocin fasinja sun yi hayar shekara uku kuma suna kasuwanci a cikin. Jirgin fasinja yana gudanar da mafi ƙarancin shekaru goma a cibiyar rarrabawa. Lissafin yana aiki daban.

Mun bin diddigin farashin gyare-gyare a fadin tushen abokin cinikinmu kuma tsarin ya yi daidai. Module{1}} sabis na matakin yana gudanar da $400{4}}800 gami da aiki. Cikakkun fakitin musanyawa akan ƙirar haɗaɗɗiyar kwatankwacinta - lokacin da zaku iya samun gudu-gudu $15,000-25,000, da makonni na lokacin jagora.

Lambobin raguwa sun sa wannan ya fi muni. Binciken masana'antu na ABB na 2024 (3,{3}} masu amsawa) ya gano matsakaicin dala 125,000 a cikin sa'a ba tare da shiri ba a sassan sassa{6}}Kayan mota ya kai $2M+. Warehouses suna yin ƙasa da ƙasa, amma kayan aikin da ke zaman jiran fakitin baturi daga China ba sa samun kuɗi.

Bangaren inshora na wannan yana da ban sha'awa kuma. Muna jin cewa ana yin gyaran gabaɗaya{1}}asara a kan kayan aiki tare da fakitin marasa amfani. Yana da ma'ana -idan ƙaramin karo yana nufin maye gurbin baturi $20k, lissafin “jumla” yana canzawa da sauri.

Gudanar da thermal yana samun rikitarwa

Ikon zafin jiki shine inda gine-ginen zamani ke samun ribar sa, kodayake wannan ba a magana da yawa.

Kwayoyin lithium suna so su tsaya tsakanin kimanin digiri 15 da digiri 35 . Yayi zafi sosai kuma suna raguwa da sauri -kowane digiri 10 sama da mafi kyawu yana yanke rayuwa cikin rabi. Yayi sanyi sosai kuma kuna rasa iya aiki, da caji ƙasa da daskarewa yana haifar da platin lithium. Mummunan sakamako ko ta yaya.

Iyakoki masu daidaitawa suna ba ku yankuna masu zafi na yanayi. Kuna iya sanya faranti mai sanyaya tsakanin kayayyaki, gudanar da ruwa ta hanyar da aka ayyana, keɓe wuraren matsala. Tsarin ya fi sauƙi don ƙira kuma sauƙin ginawa.

Mun kasance muna gwada saiti tare da canjin lokaci{0}} a cikin rukunin gidaje. Samfurin asali iri ɗaya yana hidima duka yadi na waje a Saudi Arabiya da wuraren ajiyar sanyi a Kanada. A cikin gwajin ajiyar sanyi, batura sun tsaya sama da digiri 0 na awanni 14+ a cikin yanayin -20 digiri bayan cikakken zagayowar fitarwa. Ba tare da sarrafa zafin jiki ba, kuna ƙasa da daskarewa cikin sa'o'i biyu.

Tare da haɗaɗɗen fakitin inda komai ke haɗe zuwa babban farantin sanyi ɗaya, ba za ku iya daidaita wancan da gaske ba. Tsarin thermal shine tsari. Aikace-aikace daban-daban yana nufin ƙirar fakiti daban-daban.

Masana'antu Tattalin Arziki{0}Ba abin da kuke tsammani ba

Filin don haɗaɗɗen ƙira koyaushe shine game da ingancin masana'anta. Ƙananan sassa, taro mai sauri, ƙananan farashi. Tesla ya yanke Model 3 fakitin taro daga awanni 7 zuwa mintuna 17. Waɗannan lambobin na gaske ne.

Hakanan sun dogara ne akan gina miliyoyin fakiti iri ɗaya tare da na'ura mai sarrafa kansa na musamman wanda ke biyan dubun-dubatar miliyoyi don kafawa.

Samar da baturi na masana'antu ba kamar wannan ba. OEM forklift na yau da kullun yana buƙatar fakitin daga 24V zuwa 80V a fadin yuwuwar bambance-bambancen ƙarfin dozin, dacewa da chassis daban-daban daga samfuran kayan aiki daban-daban. Muna magana dubun dubatar raka'a a fadin cikakken layin samfur, ba miliyoyin SKU ɗaya ba.

Modular gine-gine yana sarrafa irin wannan nau'in. Kuna inganta ƙirar ƙirar guda ɗaya, sannan haɗa adadi daban-daban don buga kowane irin ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin abokin ciniki ke buƙata. Fakitin -Tsarin matakin shine ainihin tarkace. Sabbin saiti na iya aikawa a cikin makonni saboda an riga an yi babban ɓangaren -modul ɗin{5}}.

Girman tura masana'antu na baya-bayan nan ya ba da labari fiye da ka'idar:

Rarraba Jiragen Batirin Masana'antu (2023-2025)

Abin da ya fito fili: kowane babban turawa a cikin wuraren da ake buƙata{0}ma'adinai, ajiyar sanyi, ayyukan tashar jirgin sama{1}} ya tafi tare da ƙira mai ƙima. Hanyar da aka haɗa ta mamaye fasinja EVs. Haƙiƙanin aiki daban-daban, zaɓin gine-gine daban-daban.

Gwada yin hakan tare da haɗaɗɗen fakiti. Kowane bambance-bambancen yana buƙatar kayan aikin kansa, ingantaccen nasa, saitin samar da kansa. Amfanin dacewa a sikelin mota yana juya zuwa hukuncin sassauƙa yayin da kuke hidimar rarrabuwar kasuwannin masana'antu.

Matsayin Kuɗi

Bayanan farashin masana'antu (BloombergNEF yana buga safiyo a kowace shekara) yana sanya farashin fakitin LFP kusan $81/kWh a duk duniya, tare da bambancin yanki mai mahimmanci{1}}China kusan $84/kWh, Arewacin Amurka fiye da $121/kWh. Wannan ƙimar 44% tana nuna farashin aiki, balaga sarkar samarwa, da sikelin samarwa.

Waɗannan su ne farashin sayayya. Ba sa kama abin da ya faru sama da shekaru goma na aiki.

Don ɗimbin motsi na forklift{0} da ke gudana awanni 3,000 kowace shekara, baturi zai buƙaci sabis a wani lokaci. Wataƙila sau biyu a rayuwarsa, watakila sau uku.

A kan fakiti na yau da kullun wanda ke $1,500-2,500 duka gami da farashin lokacin faduwa. A kan fakitin da aka haɗa kuna kallon $40,{5}} idan dole ne ku maye gurbin gabaɗayan rukunin ko da sau ɗaya.

Nazarin TCO da aka buga daga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa suna nuna tsari:

Lithium vs gubar{0}}Acid TCO Analysis (Multi{1}}Ayyukan Shift)

*Madogararsa: Binciken jirgin ruwa na UgoWork (Motar-50 Texas 3PL), bayanan ma'auni na Raymond Corporation, jigilar ajiyar sanyi na OneCharge*

Ƙididdigar farko don ƙirar gine-gine na zamani{0}}kira shi 15-20%{4}} yawanci yana biya a cikin watanni 24{6}} 36 akan ayyukan sauyi da yawa. Hatta aikace-aikacen canja wuri guda suna zuwa can cikin shekaru biyar.

Hanyar Gudanarwa

Dukansu China da EU sun kasance suna motsawa zuwa ga ka'idoji waɗanda ke ba da fifikon ƙira.

GB 38031{1}2020 (Ma'aunin amincin baturi na EV na kasar Sin) yana buƙatar shingen yaɗuwar zafi-idan ɗayan tantanin halitta ya shiga gudu, ƙwayoyin da ke kusa dole su tsira aƙalla mintuna biyar ko kuma fakitin ya ba da gargaɗi. Iyakoki na module wuri ne na halitta don sanya waɗannan shingen.

Dokar batir EU da ke birgima ta 2027 tana ƙara buƙatu don bin sawun ƙafar carbon, abun da aka sake fa'ida, da kuma gano yanayin rayuwa ta tsarin "Fasfo na Baturi". Duk wannan yana da sauƙi lokacin da aka ƙera batura don rarrabawa. Za a iya ja samfura, ƙididdigewa, aika zuwa aikace-aikacen rayuwa na biyu{3} ko sake amfani da su. Dole ne a yayyage fakitin da aka haɗa.

Jagoran manufofin a bayyane yake: batura kayayyaki ne masu ɗorewa, ba abin zubarwa ba. Zane-zanen da aka inganta kawai don dacewar masana'anta za su fuskanci ƙarin juzu'i na tsawon lokaci.

Abin da Wannan ke nufi don Samar da Yanke shawara

Haɗaɗɗen gine-ginen ba kuskure ba ne{0}} an inganta su ne don maƙasudai daban-daban fiye da abin da aikace-aikacen masana'antu ke buƙata. CATL da BYD suna ginawa don masu kera motoci waɗanda ke buƙatar iyakar ƙarfin kuzari a matsakaicin ƙarar samarwa. Wannan halaltacciyar matsalar injiniya ce tare da ingantacciyar mafita.

Kayan aikin masana'antu sun bambanta. Shekaru goma{1}. Sabis na filin daga masu fasaha na abokin ciniki. Wuraren aiki daga injin daskarewa zuwa hamada. Dimbin wutar lantarki da bambance-bambancen iya aiki a cikin samfuran kayan aiki.

Idan yanayin ku ke nan, tambayoyin da ya kamata ku yi wa kowane mai ba da baturi:

Amsoshin suna gaya muku ko kuna siyan wani abu da aka tsara don gaskiyar aiki, ko wani abu da ya faru da samuwa.

Mun yi shekaru muna gina fakiti na zamani don aikace-aikacen masana'antu na shekaru musamman saboda abin da aikace-aikacen ke buƙata ke nan. Lambobin takaddun takaddun ba su da ban sha'awa kamar yadda kuke gani daga manyan masu samar da batir na motoci. Yawan kuɗin mallaka na shekara goma{2} shine.